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<p>The atmosphere water vapor plays an important role in the global water cycle. However, there is often a lack of sufficient understanding regarding the patterns of regional atmospheric water vapor changes and their influencing factors. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of water vapor in the Yujiang River Basin (YRB), a region in Southern China characterized by its unique karst topography and location in the Southeast Asian monsoon zone. The YRB is bordered by mountains to the north and the ocean to the south, making it highly sensitive to monsoonal, oceanic, and atmospheric circulation patterns. Despite its abundant water vapor resources, the characteristics and evolution of water vapor content in the YRB remain poorly understood, limiting the rational utilization of its water resources. To address this, the study employs the Mann–Kendall trend test, cloud model, and the HYSPLIT-4 trajectory model to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of water vapor content, flux, and divergence, as well as its sources and balance. Partial and multiple correlation analyses are also used to explore the relationships between water vapor content, precipitation, and water surface evaporation. The results reveal that from 1974 to 2013, the YRB is influenced by six primary water vapor pathways, with five marine pathways and one continental pathway, and a net water vapor budget of − 169.5 million kg/s, indicating no significant accumulation of water vapor over the basin. The interannual water vapor content exhibits a stronger positive correlation with precipitation than with water surface evaporation, with multiple correlation coefficients ranging from 0.154 to 0.625. The western and southern boundaries of the YRB serve as primary water vapor input regions, while the eastern and northern boundaries are the main output regions. Backward trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT-4 model shows that the Bay of Bengal is the dominant source of water vapor in the YRB over the past 40&#xa0;years. These findings provide critical insights into the spatiotemporal distribution and transport mechanisms of water vapor in the YRB, offering valuable scientific support for the rational utilization of water resources and ecological environmental protection in the region.</p>

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Patterns and influencing factors of water vapor transport in the Yujiang River Basin, Southern China, based on HYSPLIT-4 trajectory and cloud models

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Yujun Tan,
  • Xungui Li,
  • Xu Dong,
  • Changdi Tao

摘要

The atmosphere water vapor plays an important role in the global water cycle. However, there is often a lack of sufficient understanding regarding the patterns of regional atmospheric water vapor changes and their influencing factors. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution and influencing factors of water vapor in the Yujiang River Basin (YRB), a region in Southern China characterized by its unique karst topography and location in the Southeast Asian monsoon zone. The YRB is bordered by mountains to the north and the ocean to the south, making it highly sensitive to monsoonal, oceanic, and atmospheric circulation patterns. Despite its abundant water vapor resources, the characteristics and evolution of water vapor content in the YRB remain poorly understood, limiting the rational utilization of its water resources. To address this, the study employs the Mann–Kendall trend test, cloud model, and the HYSPLIT-4 trajectory model to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of water vapor content, flux, and divergence, as well as its sources and balance. Partial and multiple correlation analyses are also used to explore the relationships between water vapor content, precipitation, and water surface evaporation. The results reveal that from 1974 to 2013, the YRB is influenced by six primary water vapor pathways, with five marine pathways and one continental pathway, and a net water vapor budget of − 169.5 million kg/s, indicating no significant accumulation of water vapor over the basin. The interannual water vapor content exhibits a stronger positive correlation with precipitation than with water surface evaporation, with multiple correlation coefficients ranging from 0.154 to 0.625. The western and southern boundaries of the YRB serve as primary water vapor input regions, while the eastern and northern boundaries are the main output regions. Backward trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT-4 model shows that the Bay of Bengal is the dominant source of water vapor in the YRB over the past 40 years. These findings provide critical insights into the spatiotemporal distribution and transport mechanisms of water vapor in the YRB, offering valuable scientific support for the rational utilization of water resources and ecological environmental protection in the region.