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<Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Key message</Emphasis> <p>The mangrove genus <i>Avicennia</i> dominates extensive intertidal habitats through specialised wood anatomical adaptations, regulated by a trade-off between conductive efficiency, embolism resistance, and mechanical strength, making it a key contributor to sedimentary blue carbon.</p> Abstract <p>Globally, the dominant mangrove genus <i>Avicennia</i> exhibits unique wood anatomical specialisations that ensure its survival across varying salinity levels within and between mangrove habitats. The anomaly in its wood anatomy is attributed to successive cambia, a rare feature in woody plants and not reported in other mangrove trees (except <i>Aegialitis</i>). The activity of successive cambia is patchy in nature, forming a complex three-dimensional network of cambium derivatives across the wood. This activity intensifies under low-salinity conditions during the monsoon and diminishes in the dry season. The vessel diameter in <i>Avicennia</i> exhibits plasticity, adjusting to environmental salinity by narrowing to reduce embolism. Additionally, phloem patches and parenchyma interspersed between rigid vessels and thick-walled fibres provide mechanical flexibility. These living tissues also contribute to embolism resistance. The adaptations of <i>Avicennia</i> can be explained through a trade-off mechanism comprising conductive efficiency, embolism resistance, and mechanical strength—collectively termed the trade-off triangle. As a dominant genus in coastal mangrove habitats, <i>Avicennia</i> has evolved to allocate resources towards enhancing mechanical strength. Consequently, its wood has a high lignin composition, though not always superior to that of all mangrove species. However, the high weight-average molecular weight (M<sub>w</sub>) and number-average molecular weight (M<sub>n</sub>) of its lignin indicate greater recalcitrance compared to other species, making <i>Avicennia</i> a significant contributor to sedimentary blue carbon storage. Thus, species of <i>Avicennia</i> can be recognised as ‘Key Blue Carbon Species’ within the ‘Blue Carbon Ecosystem’.</p>

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Structural and functional wood anatomical adaptations in the Mangrove genus Avicennia L. and their role in blue carbon storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Subrata Mondal,
  • Tanmay Santra,
  • Saikat Naskar

摘要

Key message

The mangrove genus Avicennia dominates extensive intertidal habitats through specialised wood anatomical adaptations, regulated by a trade-off between conductive efficiency, embolism resistance, and mechanical strength, making it a key contributor to sedimentary blue carbon.

Abstract

Globally, the dominant mangrove genus Avicennia exhibits unique wood anatomical specialisations that ensure its survival across varying salinity levels within and between mangrove habitats. The anomaly in its wood anatomy is attributed to successive cambia, a rare feature in woody plants and not reported in other mangrove trees (except Aegialitis). The activity of successive cambia is patchy in nature, forming a complex three-dimensional network of cambium derivatives across the wood. This activity intensifies under low-salinity conditions during the monsoon and diminishes in the dry season. The vessel diameter in Avicennia exhibits plasticity, adjusting to environmental salinity by narrowing to reduce embolism. Additionally, phloem patches and parenchyma interspersed between rigid vessels and thick-walled fibres provide mechanical flexibility. These living tissues also contribute to embolism resistance. The adaptations of Avicennia can be explained through a trade-off mechanism comprising conductive efficiency, embolism resistance, and mechanical strength—collectively termed the trade-off triangle. As a dominant genus in coastal mangrove habitats, Avicennia has evolved to allocate resources towards enhancing mechanical strength. Consequently, its wood has a high lignin composition, though not always superior to that of all mangrove species. However, the high weight-average molecular weight (Mw) and number-average molecular weight (Mn) of its lignin indicate greater recalcitrance compared to other species, making Avicennia a significant contributor to sedimentary blue carbon storage. Thus, species of Avicennia can be recognised as ‘Key Blue Carbon Species’ within the ‘Blue Carbon Ecosystem’.