Preventing pediatric acute kidney injury: is it even possible?

Pediatric acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome that affects a significant proportion of hospitalized children. AKI carries significant short- and long-term sequelae for survivors. As kidney tubular biomarkers and risk prediction tools have become more widely available, our ability to identify those at higher risk of AKI has improved. However, AKI prevention in clinical practice relies heavily on traditional kidney protection strategies: fluid management, hemodynamic optimization, and nephrotoxin avoidance. In this review, we explore contemporary risk stratification tools in AKI and briefly review key aspects of AKI pathophysiology relevant to prevention. In addition, this review summarizes established kidney-protective strategies and appraises pharmacological and extracorporeal interventions for preventing AKI in children. Early intervention frameworks, emerging clinical trials, and targeted preventive strategies suggest meaningful progress in the field. Ongoing research continues to refine our approach to pediatric AKI prevention and offers cautious optimism for improved outcomes.

A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.