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<p>Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurs frequently in pediatric oncology patients. It is a potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder that manifests when malignant cells lyse and overwhelm physiologic excretory capacity, resulting in significant clinical consequences including acute kidney injury (AKI), cardiac arrhythmias, multi-organ failure, and death. Related to high proliferation rates and sensitivity to chemotherapy, common childhood malignancies demonstrate a high risk for TLS. Electrolyte abnormalities and AKI feature prominently in TLS and emphasize the important role that pediatric nephrologists play in caring for patients with TLS. In this review, we will highlight risk stratification, preventive strategies, and management of pediatric TLS, including indications for kidney replacement therapy.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Pediatric tumor lysis syndrome: the nephrologist’s role in prevention and management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月10日

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  • Rubi Reiger,
  • Poyyapakkam Srivaths,
  • Joseph Angelo

摘要

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) occurs frequently in pediatric oncology patients. It is a potentially life-threatening metabolic disorder that manifests when malignant cells lyse and overwhelm physiologic excretory capacity, resulting in significant clinical consequences including acute kidney injury (AKI), cardiac arrhythmias, multi-organ failure, and death. Related to high proliferation rates and sensitivity to chemotherapy, common childhood malignancies demonstrate a high risk for TLS. Electrolyte abnormalities and AKI feature prominently in TLS and emphasize the important role that pediatric nephrologists play in caring for patients with TLS. In this review, we will highlight risk stratification, preventive strategies, and management of pediatric TLS, including indications for kidney replacement therapy.

Graphical Abstract