<p>Determining whether there exists a graph such that its crossing number and pair crossing number are distinct is an important open problem in geometric graph theory. We show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="454_2024_708_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="155" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textit{cr}(G)=O(\mathop {\textrm{pcr}}(G)^{3/2})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="italic">cr</mi> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>pcr</mtext> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for every graph <i>G</i>, improving the previous best bound by a logarithmic factor. Answering a question of Pach and Tóth, we prove that the bisection width (and, in fact, the cutwidth as well) of a graph <i>G</i> with degree sequence <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="454_2024_708_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="94" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(d_1,d_2,\dots ,d_n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>,</mo> <msub> <mi>d</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> satisfies <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="454_2024_708_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="243" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathop {\textrm{bw}}(G)=O\big (\sqrt{\mathop {\textrm{pcr}}(G)+\sum _{k=1}^n d_k^2}\big )\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>bw</mtext> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">(</mo> </mrow> <msqrt> <mrow> <mtext>pcr</mtext> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mrow> </msqrt> <mrow> <mo maxsize="1.2em" minsize="1.2em" stretchy="true">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Then we show that there is a constant <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="454_2024_708_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="46" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C\ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>C</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that the following holds: For any graph <i>G</i> of order <i>n</i> and any set <i>S</i> of at least <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="454_2024_708_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n^C\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mi>C</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> points in general position on the plane, <i>G</i> admits a straight-line drawing which maps the vertices to points of <i>S</i> and has no more than <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="454_2024_708_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="23" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="222" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(O\left( \log n\cdot \left( \mathop {\textrm{pcr}}(G)+\sum _{k=1}^n d_k^2\right) \right) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>O</mi> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mo>log</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mtext>pcr</mtext> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>G</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∑</mo> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mi>n</mi> </msubsup> <msubsup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>k</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> </mfenced> </mfenced> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> crossings. Our proofs rely on a slightly modified version of a separator theorem for string graphs by Lee, which might be of independent interest.</p>

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Pair Crossing Number, Cutwidth, and Good Drawings on Arbitrary Point Sets

  • Oriol Solé Pi

摘要

Determining whether there exists a graph such that its crossing number and pair crossing number are distinct is an important open problem in geometric graph theory. We show that \(\textit{cr}(G)=O(\mathop {\textrm{pcr}}(G)^{3/2})\) cr ( G ) = O ( pcr ( G ) 3 / 2 ) for every graph G, improving the previous best bound by a logarithmic factor. Answering a question of Pach and Tóth, we prove that the bisection width (and, in fact, the cutwidth as well) of a graph G with degree sequence \(d_1,d_2,\dots ,d_n\) d 1 , d 2 , , d n satisfies \(\mathop {\textrm{bw}}(G)=O\big (\sqrt{\mathop {\textrm{pcr}}(G)+\sum _{k=1}^n d_k^2}\big )\) bw ( G ) = O ( pcr ( G ) + k = 1 n d k 2 ) . Then we show that there is a constant \(C\ge 1\) C 1 such that the following holds: For any graph G of order n and any set S of at least \(n^C\) n C points in general position on the plane, G admits a straight-line drawing which maps the vertices to points of S and has no more than \(O\left( \log n\cdot \left( \mathop {\textrm{pcr}}(G)+\sum _{k=1}^n d_k^2\right) \right) \) O log n · pcr ( G ) + k = 1 n d k 2 crossings. Our proofs rely on a slightly modified version of a separator theorem for string graphs by Lee, which might be of independent interest.