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<p>The present exploratory study examines triangulation processes in two-mother families from a&#xa0;psychodynamic perspective. It focuses on the specific forms of triangulation that emerge within mother-mother partnerships and explores how these couples experience emotional closeness, attachment to the mutual child and their parental roles, with a&#xa0;particular focus on the child’s first months and years of life. The children were predominantly conceived through anonymous sperm donation, with one case involving a&#xa0;private donor. Participants ranged in age from 29–60&#xa0;years (median = 35.5&#xa0;years). A&#xa0;total of 12&#xa0;couples (24 mothers) with a&#xa0;total of 14&#xa0;children (median = 7.5 years in total, as two couples had two children) were interviewed using semi-structured, bilateral interviews. The qualitative analysis was conducted using a&#xa0;content-analytic approach based on grounded theory. The findings show that for the biological mothers, the early physical relationship with the child plays a&#xa0;central role, whereas co-mothers establish emotional closeness through caregiving activities, such as carrying, changing, bathing and shared activities. Regardless of the parental role, all mothers described their bond with the child as intense and stable. The families reported a&#xa0;predominantly egalitarian division of labor, associated with high relational satisfaction and stability. Moreover, both real and symbolic forms of triangulation were evident, particularly in the varying importance attributed to the sperm donor, who remains symbolically present despite physical absence. Overall, the findings challenge classical psychoanalytic assumptions that emphasize biological and gender differences as central to triangulation and offer new insights into the dynamics of same-sex parent families.</p>

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Frühe Triangulierung und Elternschaft in Zwei-Mütter-Familien: emotionale Nähe, Bindung und Rollenverteilung

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Lena Barth,
  • Caroline Knobloch,
  • Katinka Schweizer

摘要

The present exploratory study examines triangulation processes in two-mother families from a psychodynamic perspective. It focuses on the specific forms of triangulation that emerge within mother-mother partnerships and explores how these couples experience emotional closeness, attachment to the mutual child and their parental roles, with a particular focus on the child’s first months and years of life. The children were predominantly conceived through anonymous sperm donation, with one case involving a private donor. Participants ranged in age from 29–60 years (median = 35.5 years). A total of 12 couples (24 mothers) with a total of 14 children (median = 7.5 years in total, as two couples had two children) were interviewed using semi-structured, bilateral interviews. The qualitative analysis was conducted using a content-analytic approach based on grounded theory. The findings show that for the biological mothers, the early physical relationship with the child plays a central role, whereas co-mothers establish emotional closeness through caregiving activities, such as carrying, changing, bathing and shared activities. Regardless of the parental role, all mothers described their bond with the child as intense and stable. The families reported a predominantly egalitarian division of labor, associated with high relational satisfaction and stability. Moreover, both real and symbolic forms of triangulation were evident, particularly in the varying importance attributed to the sperm donor, who remains symbolically present despite physical absence. Overall, the findings challenge classical psychoanalytic assumptions that emphasize biological and gender differences as central to triangulation and offer new insights into the dynamics of same-sex parent families.