Biologische Grundlagen des Bewusstseins und ihre mögliche Bedeutung für die Psychoanalyse

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the changes that have occurred in my work as a psychoanalyst over many years as a result of studying the neurobiological literature, particularly on the formation of consciousness. Neurobiological theories of consciousness formation suggest that dialogical relationships are initiated by subcortical processes. An evolutionary predisposition to understanding is thought to influence transference and countertransference. These predispositions to understanding, which do not stem from the personal life history but from human nature, may be the basis of projective identification. A case study describes how the generalized inclusion of a pre-understanding in the sense of a complementary understanding may be necessary in order to make progress in therapy. This view is close to the concept of the “auxiliary ego” in interactional therapy.