Electrostimulation waveform optimization for enhancing biomass and macromolecule production in Chlorella vulgaris

While electro-technological studies on algae typically focus on direct current, electric field, and high-voltage electric field applications, this study investigates the effects of various alternating current electric waveforms on the biomass production, macromolecular, and carotenoid composition of the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris. The findings reveal that the applied waveforms significantly enhanced the growth performance of C. vulgaris compared to the control group. OD680 values increased by 40% in the Pulse-10 group, 33% in the Pulse-90 group, 26% in the Sine, 24% in the Square group and group 19% in the Triangle group. Chlorophyll-a content also increased similarly, with the highest increase of 54% observed in the Pulse-10 group. Furthermore, macromolecule and total carotenoid production was supported and increased compared to the control group. In conclusion, these findings contribute to innovative electro-technological applications that enhance the commercial potential of C. vulgaris for use in fields such as food, feed, cosmetics, and biodiesel production.