The utility of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. to prepare metal oxides NPs for clinical application on osteoporosis supported by theoretical study

Green synthesis of metal oxides as a treatment for bone diseases is still exploring. Herein, MgO and Fe₂O₃ NPs were prepared from the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. to study their effect on vit D³, Ca⁺², and alkaline phosphatase enzyme ALP associated with osteoporosis. Computational chemistry was utilized to gain insight into the possible interactions. These oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction, SEM, FTIR, and AFM. Results revealed that green synthesis of MgO and Fe₂O₃ NPs was successful with abundant. MgO NPs were in vitro applied on osteoporosis patients (n = 35) and showed a significant elevation of vit D³ and Ca⁺² (0.0001 > p < 0.001) levels, compared to healthy volunteers (n = 25). Thus, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a good candidate to prepare MgO NPs, with a promising enhancing effect on vit D³ and Ca⁺² in osteoporosis. In addition, interactions of Fe₂O₃ and MgO NPs with ALP were determined by molecular docking study.