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<p>The April–May 2024 eruption of Ruang Volcano, a basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, provides an important case study of volcanic hazard management in small island arc settings. Due to its proximity to populated coastal communities and major international air routes, the eruption posed significant risks to human safety and infrastructure. This study evaluates the response of Indonesia’s Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), focusing on real-time seismic monitoring, alert level adjustments, and hazard zonation. Using seismic records and visual observations, we reconstruct the eruption chronology between April and May 2024. The initial eruptive phase on April 16–17 generated a ~ 19&#xa0;km-high ash column, pyroclastic density currents, ballistic ejecta, and widespread tephra fallout, prompting the evacuation of more than 1,000 residents. A climactic eruption on April 30 produced a ~ 23&#xa0;km-high ash plume, renewed PDCs, and heavy tephra deposition that severely affected Tagulandang Island and led to the evacuation of about 11,000 people and widespread airport closures. The crisis highlighted monitoring limitations, particularly the loss of the only proximal seismic station early in the eruption.</p>

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The 2024 Eruptions of Ruang Volcano, North Sulawesi, Indonesia: lessons learned from a successful hazard mitigation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Heruningtyas Desi Purnamasari,
  • Asep Saepuloh,
  • Christina Widiwijayanti,
  • Moch. Nugraha Kartadinata,
  • Devy Kamil Syahbana,
  • Mirzam Abdurrachman,
  • Sofyan Primulyana,
  • David Adriansyah,
  • Raditya Putra,
  • Sri Hidayati,
  • Ardy Setya Prayoga,
  • P. Hadi Wijaya

摘要

The April–May 2024 eruption of Ruang Volcano, a basaltic-andesitic stratovolcano in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, provides an important case study of volcanic hazard management in small island arc settings. Due to its proximity to populated coastal communities and major international air routes, the eruption posed significant risks to human safety and infrastructure. This study evaluates the response of Indonesia’s Center for Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM), focusing on real-time seismic monitoring, alert level adjustments, and hazard zonation. Using seismic records and visual observations, we reconstruct the eruption chronology between April and May 2024. The initial eruptive phase on April 16–17 generated a ~ 19 km-high ash column, pyroclastic density currents, ballistic ejecta, and widespread tephra fallout, prompting the evacuation of more than 1,000 residents. A climactic eruption on April 30 produced a ~ 23 km-high ash plume, renewed PDCs, and heavy tephra deposition that severely affected Tagulandang Island and led to the evacuation of about 11,000 people and widespread airport closures. The crisis highlighted monitoring limitations, particularly the loss of the only proximal seismic station early in the eruption.