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<p>The 2017 eruption of Kambalny volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula provides an opportunity to investigate the coupling between shallow magma pressurization and co-eruptive deformation in an open-vent volcanic system. In this study, multi-orbit InSAR data from Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 satellites are processed to derive co-eruptive deformation fields. The deformation pattern shows a near-axisymmetric uplift centered on the crater and an asymmetric displacement extending southeastward. Coherence and Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) analyses indicate that snow cover, vegetation, and steep topography have caused decorrelation in the ALOS-2 interferograms. Fusion of the ascending and descending datasets reveals a vertical uplift of up to 15&#xa0;cm and NW-SE-oriented horizontal extension. Then, Bayesian inversion using the GBIS platform is conducted to constrain the pressure sources responsible for the observed deformation. Comparative modeling of single (Penny, Dike) and composite (Penny + Dike) source models indicates that the Penny + Dike configuration yields the best statistical and physical fit with minimized residuals, reproducing both localized uplift and asymmetric extension. The optimal solution suggests magma injection along an inclined NW-SE trending dike has fed a shallow disk-shaped cavity, reflecting coupled processes of dike propagation and hydrothermal re-pressurization. The estimated volume change is approximately 7.6 ± 4.85 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>, a value consistent with an independently calculated Dense Rock Equivalent volume of 6.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> m<sup>3</sup>. This estimate agrees well with field observations and supports the interpretation of the 2017 Kambalny eruption as a moderate-scale (VEI ~ 3) event. Our results indicate that the integration of InSAR with geodetic modeling provides powerful constraints on the dynamics of shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems. The Penny + Dike model offers a physically realistic framework complementing the seismic tomography results and enhancing our understanding of magma transport and pressurization processes beneath Kambalny volcano.</p>

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Multi-orbit D-InSAR deformation reveals the 2017 eruption mechanism of Kambalny volcano, Kamchatka

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Qin Wang,
  • Lianhuan Wei,
  • Lu Gao,
  • Shiliu Wang,
  • Xiaosong Feng,
  • Meng Ao,
  • Yian Wang,
  • Xiangben Zhang,
  • Guido Ventura,
  • Christian Bignami,
  • Cristiano Tolomei

摘要

The 2017 eruption of Kambalny volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula provides an opportunity to investigate the coupling between shallow magma pressurization and co-eruptive deformation in an open-vent volcanic system. In this study, multi-orbit InSAR data from Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 satellites are processed to derive co-eruptive deformation fields. The deformation pattern shows a near-axisymmetric uplift centered on the crater and an asymmetric displacement extending southeastward. Coherence and Normalized Difference Snow Index (NDSI) analyses indicate that snow cover, vegetation, and steep topography have caused decorrelation in the ALOS-2 interferograms. Fusion of the ascending and descending datasets reveals a vertical uplift of up to 15 cm and NW-SE-oriented horizontal extension. Then, Bayesian inversion using the GBIS platform is conducted to constrain the pressure sources responsible for the observed deformation. Comparative modeling of single (Penny, Dike) and composite (Penny + Dike) source models indicates that the Penny + Dike configuration yields the best statistical and physical fit with minimized residuals, reproducing both localized uplift and asymmetric extension. The optimal solution suggests magma injection along an inclined NW-SE trending dike has fed a shallow disk-shaped cavity, reflecting coupled processes of dike propagation and hydrothermal re-pressurization. The estimated volume change is approximately 7.6 ± 4.85 × 105 m3, a value consistent with an independently calculated Dense Rock Equivalent volume of 6.6 × 105 m3. This estimate agrees well with field observations and supports the interpretation of the 2017 Kambalny eruption as a moderate-scale (VEI ~ 3) event. Our results indicate that the integration of InSAR with geodetic modeling provides powerful constraints on the dynamics of shallow magmatic and hydrothermal systems. The Penny + Dike model offers a physically realistic framework complementing the seismic tomography results and enhancing our understanding of magma transport and pressurization processes beneath Kambalny volcano.