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<p>The Banda Volcanic Complex (BVC), Southeast Maluku, Indonesia, is associated with two caldera-forming events: the Banda Besar eruption (~ 35 km<sup>3</sup>; VEI 6) and the Naira eruption (~ 2.4 km<sup>3</sup>; VEI 5), respectively. While prior field studies had suggested the youthful character of the deposits, the age of the two eruptions has hitherto been unknown. Here we report new radiocarbon analyses confirming that the Banda Besar and Banda Naira caldera-forming eruptions are not only young–dating to around the first half of the first millennium CE–but suggesting they may have occurred within a centennial timescale. Matrix glass compositions of Banda Besar pumices are more evolved than those of Naira pumices, and along with other geochemical data point to a zoned rhyolite–dacite magma reservoir as the source of both eruptions. The notably low potassium contents of both glasses (~ 1.1 wt.% K<sub>2</sub>O) are regionally distinctive, suggesting the BVC products can be useful in tephrochronological studies. Quantification of vesicle textures confirms that both eruptions underwent high magma decompression rates consistent with the fragmentation and dispersal of the pyroclastic deposits.</p>

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Two Common Era caldera-forming eruptions of the Banda Volcanic Complex, Indonesia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Danang Sri Hadmoko,
  • Indranova Suhendro,
  • Shohei Shibata,
  • Takeshi Hasegawa,
  • Clive Oppenheimer,
  • Franck Lavigne,
  • Wijdan Annafi Ahmad,
  • Muhammad Alsamtu Tita Sabila Pratama Suhartono,
  • Aisyah Qurrata’aini,
  • Bachtiar Wahyu Mutaqin,
  • Mukhamad Ngainul Malawani,
  • Eko Haryono

摘要

The Banda Volcanic Complex (BVC), Southeast Maluku, Indonesia, is associated with two caldera-forming events: the Banda Besar eruption (~ 35 km3; VEI 6) and the Naira eruption (~ 2.4 km3; VEI 5), respectively. While prior field studies had suggested the youthful character of the deposits, the age of the two eruptions has hitherto been unknown. Here we report new radiocarbon analyses confirming that the Banda Besar and Banda Naira caldera-forming eruptions are not only young–dating to around the first half of the first millennium CE–but suggesting they may have occurred within a centennial timescale. Matrix glass compositions of Banda Besar pumices are more evolved than those of Naira pumices, and along with other geochemical data point to a zoned rhyolite–dacite magma reservoir as the source of both eruptions. The notably low potassium contents of both glasses (~ 1.1 wt.% K2O) are regionally distinctive, suggesting the BVC products can be useful in tephrochronological studies. Quantification of vesicle textures confirms that both eruptions underwent high magma decompression rates consistent with the fragmentation and dispersal of the pyroclastic deposits.