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<p>Foliar endophytic fungi (FEF) influence plant performance and early litter decay, yet whether leaf senescence imposes common assembly rules across hosts remains unclear. Here, we collected paired live and senescent leaves from 11 plant species across three spatial blocks (66 FEF samples) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau and characterized FEF communities and leaf functional traits. Our results showed that leaf status, host species, and their interaction structured FEF community composition. Compared with live leaves, senescent leaves harbored higher α-diversity, exhibited lower among-host β-dispersion, and had more core taxa shared across hosts. Senescent leaves showed reduced relative abundance of symbiotrophic modes and increased relative abundance of saprotrophic modes compared to live leaves. At the community level, senescent leaves showed depleted nitrogen and hemicellulose but enriched cellulose and lignin, redirecting trait–community linkages from soluble resources to recalcitrant polymers. The findings highlight that leaf status is a primary driver of endophytic fungal community assembly, and reveal adaptive shifts in endophytic fungal communities associated with leaf senescence.</p>

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Leaf status drives shifts in both community composition and trophic mode of foliar endophytic fungi via variation in functional traits in Tibetan alpine meadow

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Hongyuan Kan,
  • Shiting Zhang

摘要

Foliar endophytic fungi (FEF) influence plant performance and early litter decay, yet whether leaf senescence imposes common assembly rules across hosts remains unclear. Here, we collected paired live and senescent leaves from 11 plant species across three spatial blocks (66 FEF samples) in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau and characterized FEF communities and leaf functional traits. Our results showed that leaf status, host species, and their interaction structured FEF community composition. Compared with live leaves, senescent leaves harbored higher α-diversity, exhibited lower among-host β-dispersion, and had more core taxa shared across hosts. Senescent leaves showed reduced relative abundance of symbiotrophic modes and increased relative abundance of saprotrophic modes compared to live leaves. At the community level, senescent leaves showed depleted nitrogen and hemicellulose but enriched cellulose and lignin, redirecting trait–community linkages from soluble resources to recalcitrant polymers. The findings highlight that leaf status is a primary driver of endophytic fungal community assembly, and reveal adaptive shifts in endophytic fungal communities associated with leaf senescence.