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<p>Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), characterized by detectable HBV DNA but undetectable HBsAg, poses diagnostic and clinical challenges, with host genetic factors, particularly HLA-mediated immune regulation, remaining poorly understood. Through whole-exome sequencing of 147 participants (74 OBI cases, 73 chronic HBsAg + controls), we identified four HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with low OBI susceptibility and proposed a dual immune mechanism: Class I SNPs impair cytotoxic responses, while Class II SNPs dysregulate humoral immunity. Anti-HBs titers and age modulated genetic risk penetrance, with high anti-HBs increasing OBI susceptibility regardless of genotype, and genetic effects attenuating in individuals &gt; 50 years. Integrating HLA genetic markers with serological and baseline characteristics significantly improved OBI susceptibility prediction (AUC 0.93), highlighting the role of HLA-mediated immunity in OBI pathogenesis and the potential of genetic markers for risk stratification in HBV-exposed individuals. Our findings elucidate HLA-mediated immune mechanisms underlying OBI and demonstrate the value of genetic markers in predicting the likelihood of developing OBI or progressing to chronic HBsAg + status among HBV-exposed individuals.</p>

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Exploratory analysis of HLA SNPs associated with occult HBV infection: a multicenter case–control study in Chinese blood donors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月24日

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  • Lin Zhou,
  • Ying Yan,
  • Huimin Ji,
  • Huizhen Sun,
  • Zhuoqun Lu,
  • Le Chang,
  • Lunan Wang

摘要

Occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), characterized by detectable HBV DNA but undetectable HBsAg, poses diagnostic and clinical challenges, with host genetic factors, particularly HLA-mediated immune regulation, remaining poorly understood. Through whole-exome sequencing of 147 participants (74 OBI cases, 73 chronic HBsAg + controls), we identified four HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with low OBI susceptibility and proposed a dual immune mechanism: Class I SNPs impair cytotoxic responses, while Class II SNPs dysregulate humoral immunity. Anti-HBs titers and age modulated genetic risk penetrance, with high anti-HBs increasing OBI susceptibility regardless of genotype, and genetic effects attenuating in individuals > 50 years. Integrating HLA genetic markers with serological and baseline characteristics significantly improved OBI susceptibility prediction (AUC 0.93), highlighting the role of HLA-mediated immunity in OBI pathogenesis and the potential of genetic markers for risk stratification in HBV-exposed individuals. Our findings elucidate HLA-mediated immune mechanisms underlying OBI and demonstrate the value of genetic markers in predicting the likelihood of developing OBI or progressing to chronic HBsAg + status among HBV-exposed individuals.