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<p><i>Bemisia tabaci</i>&#xa0;and&#xa0;<i>Trialeurodes vaporariorum</i>, two globally destructive phloem-feeding pests within Aleyrodidae, exhibit distinct ecological niches despite overlapping geographical distributions. To elucidate morphological adaptations underlying their host plant preferences, the fine structure of their piercing-sucking mouthparts was observed using scanning electron microscopy, revealing eight phylogenetically significant microstructural innovations: (1) A terminal external gap-like structure on mandibular stylets, a previously unreported trait conserved in both species; (2) Species-specific differentiation in maxillary transverse ridges: <i>T. vaporariorum</i> exhibits tightly spaced lateral ridges compared to <i>B. tabaci</i>; (3) Mandibular serrated ridges with mamelon protrusion exclusively in <i>T. vaporariorum</i>; (4) Labral microtrichia present in <i>B. tabaci</i> but absent in <i>T. vaporariorum</i>; (5) Basal microtrichia on the first labial segment unique to <i>T. vaporariorum</i>; (6) <i>T. vaporariorum</i> possesses a significantly elongated labium; (7) Labial tip sensilla categorized into two morphological subtypes: apical pore (UPP) and subapical (UPS) sensilla, with functional divergence as contact chemoreceptors (gustatory) and bimodal mechano-chemoreceptors; (8) A short convex ridge (Cr) within the common canal of the right maxilla in both species. Interspecific microstructural variations—particularly in serration patterns, sensilla distribution, and ridge architectures—suggest evolutionary optimization for differential phloem exploitation strategies.</p>

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Fine structural divergence in feeding apparatus of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum: mechanistic insights into host adaptation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Yuchen Shi,
  • Ting Chen,
  • Mengyuan Jin,
  • Jolanta Brożek,
  • Wu Dai

摘要

Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum, two globally destructive phloem-feeding pests within Aleyrodidae, exhibit distinct ecological niches despite overlapping geographical distributions. To elucidate morphological adaptations underlying their host plant preferences, the fine structure of their piercing-sucking mouthparts was observed using scanning electron microscopy, revealing eight phylogenetically significant microstructural innovations: (1) A terminal external gap-like structure on mandibular stylets, a previously unreported trait conserved in both species; (2) Species-specific differentiation in maxillary transverse ridges: T. vaporariorum exhibits tightly spaced lateral ridges compared to B. tabaci; (3) Mandibular serrated ridges with mamelon protrusion exclusively in T. vaporariorum; (4) Labral microtrichia present in B. tabaci but absent in T. vaporariorum; (5) Basal microtrichia on the first labial segment unique to T. vaporariorum; (6) T. vaporariorum possesses a significantly elongated labium; (7) Labial tip sensilla categorized into two morphological subtypes: apical pore (UPP) and subapical (UPS) sensilla, with functional divergence as contact chemoreceptors (gustatory) and bimodal mechano-chemoreceptors; (8) A short convex ridge (Cr) within the common canal of the right maxilla in both species. Interspecific microstructural variations—particularly in serration patterns, sensilla distribution, and ridge architectures—suggest evolutionary optimization for differential phloem exploitation strategies.