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Background <p>Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that commonly involves the abdomen, head and neck, and mediastinum. Primary involvement of the pleura is rare and prone to misdiagnosis.</p> Case presentation <p>We report the case of an asymptomatic 58-year-old male presenting with an incidental left pleural mass detected during a physical examination. While imaging studies initially suggested a solitary fibrous tumor or vascular neoplasm, definitive diagnosis of pleural hyaline vascular unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) was confirmed via pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation following surgical resection. The patient exhibited a favorable recovery after the surgical intervention.</p> Conclusion <p>Based on this case and literature review, the disease predominantly affects young to middle-aged individuals and seems to have no significant gender predilection. About half of patients with pleural UCD present with clinical symptoms, a relatively high proportion. Imaging and laboratory tests have limited diagnostic value for this condition, definitive diagnosis relies on histopathological examination, and surgical resection typically leads to a favorable prognosis. It is recommended to consider rare diseases such as CD in the differential diagnosis of pleural masses.</p>

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Castleman disease arising from the pleura: a case report and literature review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Hao Yang,
  • Mingjie Ning,
  • Pengyu Li,
  • Jing Qiu,
  • Yu Huang,
  • Ying Chen

摘要

Background

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that commonly involves the abdomen, head and neck, and mediastinum. Primary involvement of the pleura is rare and prone to misdiagnosis.

Case presentation

We report the case of an asymptomatic 58-year-old male presenting with an incidental left pleural mass detected during a physical examination. While imaging studies initially suggested a solitary fibrous tumor or vascular neoplasm, definitive diagnosis of pleural hyaline vascular unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) was confirmed via pathological and immunohistochemical evaluation following surgical resection. The patient exhibited a favorable recovery after the surgical intervention.

Conclusion

Based on this case and literature review, the disease predominantly affects young to middle-aged individuals and seems to have no significant gender predilection. About half of patients with pleural UCD present with clinical symptoms, a relatively high proportion. Imaging and laboratory tests have limited diagnostic value for this condition, definitive diagnosis relies on histopathological examination, and surgical resection typically leads to a favorable prognosis. It is recommended to consider rare diseases such as CD in the differential diagnosis of pleural masses.