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<p>Classical music is increasingly used as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce procedural anxiety. Although transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a noninvasive imaging modality, it may cause mild anticipatory stress in adolescents, particularly during first-time examinations. A total of 168 adolescents (10–19&#xa0;years) undergoing TTE between December 2024 and March 2025 were randomized to a music group (slow-tempo classical music before and during TTE) or a control group. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before, during, and after the procedure, and anxiety was assessed post-procedure using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). State and trait anxiety scores were similar between groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Heart rate decreased significantly during TTE in the music group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) but not in controls. Both groups showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the procedure (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p><p><i>Conclusion</i>:&#xa0;Listening to classical music during TTE was not associated with a reduction in self-reported anxiety but was linked to a significant decrease in heart rate. These findings suggest a potential modulatory effect on physiological stress responses. Music may serve as a simple, safe adjunct to improve patient comfort during pediatric cardiac imaging.<Table Float="No" ID="Taba"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec align="left" colname="c1" colnum="1" /> <colspec align="left" colname="c2" colnum="2" /> <tbody> <row> <entry align="left" nameend="c2" namest="c1"> <p><b>What is Known:</b></p> <p>• <i>Music interventions may reduce anxiety and physiological stress during medical procedures in pediatric patients.</i></p> </entry> </row> <row> <entry align="left" nameend="c2" namest="c1"> <p><b>What is New:</b></p> <p>• <i>In adolescents undergoing transthoracic echocardiography, classical music was associated with a significant reduction in heart rate but not anxiety scores in this randomized controlled trial.</i></p> </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </Table></p>

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Effects of classical music on physiological parameters and anxiety in adolescents during transthoracic echocardiography: a randomized controlled trial

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Pelin Altınbezer,
  • Ahmet Koçak,
  • Özkan Kaya,
  • Utku Arman Örün,
  • Mehmet Emre Arı

摘要

Classical music is increasingly used as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce procedural anxiety. Although transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a noninvasive imaging modality, it may cause mild anticipatory stress in adolescents, particularly during first-time examinations. A total of 168 adolescents (10–19 years) undergoing TTE between December 2024 and March 2025 were randomized to a music group (slow-tempo classical music before and during TTE) or a control group. Heart rate and blood pressure were measured before, during, and after the procedure, and anxiety was assessed post-procedure using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). State and trait anxiety scores were similar between groups (p > 0.05). Heart rate decreased significantly during TTE in the music group (p < 0.05) but not in controls. Both groups showed reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after the procedure (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Listening to classical music during TTE was not associated with a reduction in self-reported anxiety but was linked to a significant decrease in heart rate. These findings suggest a potential modulatory effect on physiological stress responses. Music may serve as a simple, safe adjunct to improve patient comfort during pediatric cardiac imaging.

What is Known:

• Music interventions may reduce anxiety and physiological stress during medical procedures in pediatric patients.

What is New:

• In adolescents undergoing transthoracic echocardiography, classical music was associated with a significant reduction in heart rate but not anxiety scores in this randomized controlled trial.