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<p>The neurological examination of the newborn is often perceived as difficult. This paper describes the development of a modular approach, based on the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination, including a short proforma for routine use, the standard examination and two&#xa0;add-on modules. We report details of the single modules with description of their use in different scenarios.</p><p> <i>Conclusions</i>: The modular approach provides a number of options for performing an appropriate level of clinical neurological examinations in all newborns accommodating different needs in clinical and research settings.<Table Float="No" ID="Taba"> <tgroup cols="2"> <colspec align="left" colname="c1" colnum="1" /> <colspec align="left" colname="c2" colnum="2" /> <tbody> <row> <entry nameend="c2" namest="c1"> <p><b>What is Known:</b></p> <p>• <i>Neonatal neurological examinations are often not performed as perceived as difficult.</i></p> <p>• <i>D</i>etailed examinations are a burden in routine clinical practice and not always needed.</p> </entry> </row> <row> <entry nameend="c2" namest="c1"> <p><b>What is New:</b></p> <p>• <i>A modular approach, including a short examination, can be used in clinical routine.</i></p> <p>• <i>The additional modules, when needed, can help in differential diagnosis.</i></p> </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </Table></p>

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Development of a modular neonatal neurological examination: from a short screening test to a detailed assessment of specific aspects of neurological function

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Eugenio Mercuri,
  • Daniela Ricci,
  • Frances M. Cowan,
  • Leena M. Haataja,
  • Domenico M. Romeo

摘要

The neurological examination of the newborn is often perceived as difficult. This paper describes the development of a modular approach, based on the Hammersmith Neonatal Neurological Examination, including a short proforma for routine use, the standard examination and two add-on modules. We report details of the single modules with description of their use in different scenarios.

Conclusions: The modular approach provides a number of options for performing an appropriate level of clinical neurological examinations in all newborns accommodating different needs in clinical and research settings.

What is Known:

• Neonatal neurological examinations are often not performed as perceived as difficult.

• Detailed examinations are a burden in routine clinical practice and not always needed.

What is New:

• A modular approach, including a short examination, can be used in clinical routine.

• The additional modules, when needed, can help in differential diagnosis.