<p>Preterm birth poses significant challenges to newborns including the risk for short- and long-term adverse health and developmental outcomes. The use of antenatal corticosteroids for foetal lung maturation is recommended in some clinical contexts to reduce the risk of severe respiratory distress syndrome. However, there remain concerns for potential harms to long-term neurodevelopment in children and adults exposed to antenatal corticosteroids. The aim of this study is to review the published literature regarding the associations of antenatal corticosteroids with neurodevelopmental outcomes in children and adults. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of interest included motor, cognitive, neurosensory and behavioural impairments. Academic databases were searched for articles published from 1995 to 2024, including PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase. The search focused on two domains: (1) maternal corticosteroid administration and (2) neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood and adulthood. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria after full-text screening, comprising 8,343,723 participants of whom at least 0.6% received antenatal corticosteroids. The follow-up age at neurodevelopmental assessment ranged from 2&#xa0;years’ corrected age to 31&#xa0;years. Most studies reported either an increased likelihood, or no association, of adverse neurodevelopment in antenatal corticosteroids-exposed children and adults. Several studies reported potential benefits, including reductions in risk for cerebral palsy and mild, moderate and unspecified cognitive impairment.</p><p><i>Conclusion</i>:&#xa0;This narrative review showed a complex and inconclusive picture regarding the evidence for long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of antenatal corticosteroid exposure in children and adults. The findings suggest a need for further studies to better understand the potential benefits and risks of antenatal corticosteroids in various clinical contexts.</p>