This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with negative self-perceived health among adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. A cross-sectional design was used with data from the 2019 National School Health Survey (PeNSE). The outcome variable was self-perceived health, while family, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics were considered exposure variables. Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression with a hierarchical model, stratified by sex. The prevalence of negative health perception was 32.2%, with a higher prevalence among females than males (PR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.68–1.76). Among adolescents who reported smoking tobacco cigarettes in the past month, the PR for negative health perception was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07–1.16) in females and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.08–1.27) in males. Engagement in physical activity on four or more days in the past week was associated with a lower prevalence of negative health perception in both sexes (PR: 0.55 [95% CI: 0.52–0.58] in males and PR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.76–0.82] in females).Conclusion: In summary, approximately one-third of adolescents reported a negative perception of their health. Smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of the outcome, whereas physical activity was protective in both sexes.<Table Float="No" ID="Taba"> <tgroup align="left" cols="2"> <colspec align="left" colname="c1" colnum="1" /> <colspec align="left" colname="c2" colnum="2" /> <tbody> <row> <entry nameend="c2" namest="c1"> What Is Known: • Self-perceived health is a widely used and reliable health indicator in national surveys, yet few Brazilian studies have examined negative self-perceived health in adolescents, and none with nationally representative data. What Is New: • This study uses a nationally representative sample of adolescents, incorporating a broader range of behavioral and social factors. • The stratified analysis by sex provides an additional contribution, highlighting differences in associated factors between males and females. </entry> </row> </tbody> </tgroup> </Table>

Determinants of self-perceived health in schoolchildren: Analysis from the 2019 National School Health Survey (PeNSE)

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年9月3日

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Carolyne Silveira da Motta,
Eduarda Thomé do Carmo,
Júlia Schuch Kohler,
Luisa Jardim Corrêa de Oliveira,
Iná S. Santos,
Sarah Arangurem Karam

摘要

This study assessed the prevalence and factors associated with negative self-perceived health among adolescents aged 13 to 17 years. A cross-sectional design was used with data from the 2019 National School Health Survey (PeNSE). The outcome variable was self-perceived health, while family, sociodemographic, and behavioral characteristics were considered exposure variables. Prevalence Ratios (PR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Poisson regression with a hierarchical model, stratified by sex. The prevalence of negative health perception was 32.2%, with a higher prevalence among females than males (PR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.68–1.76). Among adolescents who reported smoking tobacco cigarettes in the past month, the PR for negative health perception was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07–1.16) in females and 1.18 (95% CI: 1.08–1.27) in males. Engagement in physical activity on four or more days in the past week was associated with a lower prevalence of negative health perception in both sexes (PR: 0.55 [95% CI: 0.52–0.58] in males and PR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.76–0.82] in females).

Conclusion: In summary, approximately one-third of adolescents reported a negative perception of their health. Smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of the outcome, whereas physical activity was protective in both sexes.

What Is Known:

• Self-perceived health is a widely used and reliable health indicator in national surveys, yet few Brazilian studies have examined negative self-perceived health in adolescents, and none with nationally representative data.

What Is New:

• This study uses a nationally representative sample of adolescents, incorporating a broader range of behavioral and social factors.

• The stratified analysis by sex provides an additional contribution, highlighting differences in associated factors between males and females.