<p>Under conditions of dietary sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>) excess, the kidneys may fail to adequately excrete Na<sup>+</sup>, potentially compromising blood pressure homeostasis. Body tissues, such as skin, can offer sites of short-term extrarenal Na<sup>+</sup> storage and previous research has shown that this can help guard against hypertension in small mammals (e.g., rodents). Large mammals have relatively greater Na<sup>+</sup> storage potential, but whether extrarenal Na<sup>+</sup> storage occurs for this group is unknown. Here, we report preliminary evidence of extrarenal Na<sup>+</sup> storage in cattle. We provided a large pulse-dose of NaCl to four cattle (body mass: ~720&#xa0;kg) and measured excretion of Na<sup>+</sup> and potassium (K<sup>+</sup>) in urine and faeces for a period of 7-days. Following NaCl administration, Na<sup>+</sup> excretion spiked in both urine and faeces for ~ 48&#xa0;h before returning to baseline measurements. After ~ 96&#xa0;h, however, Na<sup>+</sup> excretion increased again; a consistent physiological phenomenon across all individuals studied. We did not observe a pattern in urinary K<sup>+</sup> excretion, indicating that the mechanism of Na<sup>+</sup> storage does not appear to involve exchange for K<sup>+</sup>. However, faecal K<sup>+</sup> excretion was reciprocal to that of Na<sup>+</sup>, presumably reflecting exchange of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> across the walls of the large intestine. We infer that during the initial period of Na<sup>+</sup> stress, short-term extrarenal Na<sup>+</sup> storage occurred and the stored Na<sup>+</sup> was later released only when the body had returned to Na<sup>+</sup> homeostasis. Additional experiments are required to understand how patterns of Na<sup>+</sup> regulation changes across body sizes and the specific body compartments involved. Cattle may be a useful model system for examining the impact of high Na<sup>+</sup> intake in mammals larger than humans.</p>

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Preliminary evidence of extrarenal sodium storage in a large mammal: implications for comparative physiology and hypertension research

  • Andrew J. Abraham,
  • Ethan S. Duvall,
  • Callum Leese,
  • Kirstin Abraham,
  • Elizabeth le Roux,
  • Barbara Riond,
  • Sylvia Ortmann,
  • Melissa Terranova,
  • Graham Leese,
  • Matthew A. Bailey,
  • Marcus Clauss

摘要

Under conditions of dietary sodium (Na+) excess, the kidneys may fail to adequately excrete Na+, potentially compromising blood pressure homeostasis. Body tissues, such as skin, can offer sites of short-term extrarenal Na+ storage and previous research has shown that this can help guard against hypertension in small mammals (e.g., rodents). Large mammals have relatively greater Na+ storage potential, but whether extrarenal Na+ storage occurs for this group is unknown. Here, we report preliminary evidence of extrarenal Na+ storage in cattle. We provided a large pulse-dose of NaCl to four cattle (body mass: ~720 kg) and measured excretion of Na+ and potassium (K+) in urine and faeces for a period of 7-days. Following NaCl administration, Na+ excretion spiked in both urine and faeces for ~ 48 h before returning to baseline measurements. After ~ 96 h, however, Na+ excretion increased again; a consistent physiological phenomenon across all individuals studied. We did not observe a pattern in urinary K+ excretion, indicating that the mechanism of Na+ storage does not appear to involve exchange for K+. However, faecal K+ excretion was reciprocal to that of Na+, presumably reflecting exchange of Na+/K+ across the walls of the large intestine. We infer that during the initial period of Na+ stress, short-term extrarenal Na+ storage occurred and the stored Na+ was later released only when the body had returned to Na+ homeostasis. Additional experiments are required to understand how patterns of Na+ regulation changes across body sizes and the specific body compartments involved. Cattle may be a useful model system for examining the impact of high Na+ intake in mammals larger than humans.