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Objective <p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of different repetitions tempos on volume load (VL), time under tension (TUT), energy metabolism and muscle oxygenation indices during lower limb resistance training (RT) performed to muscle failure.</p> Methods <p>In a repeated-measures, crossover design, 30 resistance-trained men (n = 22) and women (n = 8) performed three sets of barbell squats under the following conditions: traditional tempo (TRAD: trained to muscle failure with 2-s eccentric and 1-s concentric) and slow tempo (SLOW: trained to muscle failure with 4-s eccentric and 2-s concentric). The VL, TUT, energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), respiratory quotient (RQ), net carbon dioxide release (nVCO<sub>2</sub>) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO<sub>2</sub>) were measured.</p> Results <p>Total VL (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and HR (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were significantly greater in the TRAD group, whereas total TUT (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), nVCO<sub>2</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.043), and the area under the muscle oxygenation curve (∑SmO2) of the SLOW group were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). No significant differences in EE and RQ were found between the groups.</p> Conclusion <p>When effort is equated by training to muscle failure, a fast repetition rhythm maximizes cardiovascular pressure and total VL. Conversely, a slow repetition rhythm extends TUT and muscle hypoxia time and increases anaerobic metabolic pressure.</p>

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Effect of repetition tempo on cardiovascular and metabolic stress when training to muscle failure during lower body exercise

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Shiyao Xia,
  • Yifan Wang,
  • Xu Zhang,
  • Yutian Ji,
  • Xu Wen

摘要

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different repetitions tempos on volume load (VL), time under tension (TUT), energy metabolism and muscle oxygenation indices during lower limb resistance training (RT) performed to muscle failure.

Methods

In a repeated-measures, crossover design, 30 resistance-trained men (n = 22) and women (n = 8) performed three sets of barbell squats under the following conditions: traditional tempo (TRAD: trained to muscle failure with 2-s eccentric and 1-s concentric) and slow tempo (SLOW: trained to muscle failure with 4-s eccentric and 2-s concentric). The VL, TUT, energy expenditure (EE), heart rate (HR), respiratory quotient (RQ), net carbon dioxide release (nVCO2) and muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) were measured.

Results

Total VL (p < 0.001) and HR (p < 0.001) were significantly greater in the TRAD group, whereas total TUT (p < 0.001), nVCO2 (p = 0.043), and the area under the muscle oxygenation curve (∑SmO2) of the SLOW group were significantly higher (p < 0.001). No significant differences in EE and RQ were found between the groups.

Conclusion

When effort is equated by training to muscle failure, a fast repetition rhythm maximizes cardiovascular pressure and total VL. Conversely, a slow repetition rhythm extends TUT and muscle hypoxia time and increases anaerobic metabolic pressure.