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Purpose <p>This study examined the early time course of hamstring thickness changes after acute maximal concentric knee-flexions across multiple measurement sites in men and women.</p> Methods <p>Twenty-two young adults (11 men, 11 women) performed 50 maximal unilateral concentric knee-flexions at 120°·s⁻¹. Muscle thickness of the biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) was assessed using ultrasound at proximal, middle, and distal sites at baseline and repeatedly during 30-min of recovery.</p> Results <p>Linear mixed-effects models showed that thickness increased rapidly, peaking immediately post-exercise or at 5-min (mean relative change: 10.4 ± 4.9%), and returned toward baseline by 15–30-min. Absolute thickness increases differed between muscles and sites (<i>p</i> &lt; .05), with larger responses observed in BF than ST (<i>d</i> = 0.61–3.23) and the greatest change at the middle site (<i>d</i> = 1.00–4.04). In contrast, relative thickness changes were largely comparable across muscles, sites, and sexes (<i>p</i> &gt; .05). However, considerable inter-individual variability was found in relative thickness changes among measurement sites with the distal regions most often contributed the largest share of total swelling (BF 45.5%, ST 54.5%).</p> Conclusion <p>Maximal concentric exercise induces transient hamstring thickness changes. Although relative thickness responses were similar across sexes, muscles, and regions, substantial inter-individual variability in regional patterns suggests that the hamstrings may not respond as a uniform unit acutely following exercise.</p>

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Time course and regional heterogeneity of hamstring muscle thickness after maximal concentric exercise in men and women

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月13日

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  • Chrysostomos Sahinis,
  • Konstantinos Pavlidis,
  • Eleftherios Kellis

摘要

Purpose

This study examined the early time course of hamstring thickness changes after acute maximal concentric knee-flexions across multiple measurement sites in men and women.

Methods

Twenty-two young adults (11 men, 11 women) performed 50 maximal unilateral concentric knee-flexions at 120°·s⁻¹. Muscle thickness of the biceps femoris (BF) and semitendinosus (ST) was assessed using ultrasound at proximal, middle, and distal sites at baseline and repeatedly during 30-min of recovery.

Results

Linear mixed-effects models showed that thickness increased rapidly, peaking immediately post-exercise or at 5-min (mean relative change: 10.4 ± 4.9%), and returned toward baseline by 15–30-min. Absolute thickness increases differed between muscles and sites (p < .05), with larger responses observed in BF than ST (d = 0.61–3.23) and the greatest change at the middle site (d = 1.00–4.04). In contrast, relative thickness changes were largely comparable across muscles, sites, and sexes (p > .05). However, considerable inter-individual variability was found in relative thickness changes among measurement sites with the distal regions most often contributed the largest share of total swelling (BF 45.5%, ST 54.5%).

Conclusion

Maximal concentric exercise induces transient hamstring thickness changes. Although relative thickness responses were similar across sexes, muscles, and regions, substantial inter-individual variability in regional patterns suggests that the hamstrings may not respond as a uniform unit acutely following exercise.