Objective <p>This study aimed to explore the changes in body composition and vascular function in young women with masked obesity after an 8-week intervention involving sprint interval training (SIT) or SIT combined with remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC).</p> Methods <p>Women aged 18–30&#xa0;years with a body mass index of 18.5–24.9&#xa0;kg/m² and body fat percentage (BF%) &gt; 30% were recruited and randomly assigned to three groups: SIT, SIT with RIPC, and control. The participants underwent an 8-week training intervention. Morphological, physiological, vascular, and blood parameters were measured after the intervention.</p> Results <p>After 8&#xa0;weeks of exercise intervention, the SIT + RIPC and SIT groups showed significant improvements in waist circumference, hip circumference, and BF%. The SIT + RIPC group showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and increase in maximal oxygen consumption. The SIT group also showed a significant decrease in DBP and increase in VO₂max. Both the SIT + RIPC and SIT groups showed a significant increase in percentage flow-mediated dilation and decrease in Right intima-media thickness (RIMT), whilst nitric oxide only significantly increased in the SIT + RIPC group.</p> Conclusion <p>This study demonstrated that SIT combined with RIPC is an effective exercise modality for improving body composition and vascular health in women with masked obesity.</p> Clinical registration <p>ClinicalTrials.gov, registration number: NCT06664281.</p>