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Purpose <p>This study aimed to investigate bilateral motor control and connectivity between supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) in younger, middle-aged, and older healthy adults.</p> Methods <p>32 younger (mean age 22.8 ± 5.3&#xa0;years), 18 middle-aged (47.6 ± 6.5&#xa0;years), and 23 older (75.8 ± 6.7&#xa0;years) adults were tested. Bilateral motor control was assessed using the Purdue pegboard. Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure SMA–M1 connectivity at different conditioning stimulation intensities.</p> Results <p>Older adults had significantly poorer motor performance than younger and middle-aged in all pegboard subtests. Notably, there were no conclusive differences in motor performance between younger and middle-aged adults. There was no conclusive evidence supporting age-related and intensity-related differences in SMA–M1 connectivity between younger, middle-aged, and older adults. There was also no conclusive evidence to support clear associations between SMA–M1 connectivity and bilateral motor control.</p> Conclusion <p>Age-related declines in bilateral motor functioning was found in older, but not middle-aged adults. The bilateral motor functioning of middle-aged adults is more young-like than old-like. The lack of conclusive age- and intensity-related differences in SMA–M1 connectivity, and lack of conclusive association with bilateral motor performance, might be due to high inter-individual variability in SMA–M1 connectivity. Potential factors contributing to this variability include SMA and M1 morphometry, the structural connectivity between these regions, and the localisation of SMA.</p>

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Investigating the effects of age and conditioning stimulation intensity on SMA–M1 connectivity in younger, middle-aged, and older adults

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • Jane Tan,
  • Grant Rowe,
  • Rohan Puri,
  • Merrilee Needham,
  • Michelle Marneweck,
  • Shivani Radia,
  • Ann-Maree Vallence

摘要

Purpose

This study aimed to investigate bilateral motor control and connectivity between supplementary motor area (SMA) and primary motor cortex (M1) in younger, middle-aged, and older healthy adults.

Methods

32 younger (mean age 22.8 ± 5.3 years), 18 middle-aged (47.6 ± 6.5 years), and 23 older (75.8 ± 6.7 years) adults were tested. Bilateral motor control was assessed using the Purdue pegboard. Dual-site transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to measure SMA–M1 connectivity at different conditioning stimulation intensities.

Results

Older adults had significantly poorer motor performance than younger and middle-aged in all pegboard subtests. Notably, there were no conclusive differences in motor performance between younger and middle-aged adults. There was no conclusive evidence supporting age-related and intensity-related differences in SMA–M1 connectivity between younger, middle-aged, and older adults. There was also no conclusive evidence to support clear associations between SMA–M1 connectivity and bilateral motor control.

Conclusion

Age-related declines in bilateral motor functioning was found in older, but not middle-aged adults. The bilateral motor functioning of middle-aged adults is more young-like than old-like. The lack of conclusive age- and intensity-related differences in SMA–M1 connectivity, and lack of conclusive association with bilateral motor performance, might be due to high inter-individual variability in SMA–M1 connectivity. Potential factors contributing to this variability include SMA and M1 morphometry, the structural connectivity between these regions, and the localisation of SMA.