<p>The investigations of thermoelastic diffusion coupling are of great importance for manufacturing and micromachining of microelectronic components, especially with the widespread application of ultrafast heating technology in the field of semiconductor manufacturing. In such non-isothermal and non-uniform molar concentration environments, the experimental and theoretical studies show that the nonlinear Soret and Dufour effects significantly affect the heat and mass transport, whereas the influence of these factors are still not considered on this topic. To address such deficiency, present work establishes a new Cattaneo-type thermoelastic diffusion coupling model with the nonlinear Soret and Dufour effects. The principle of virtual work and the nonlinear finite element method are used to directly solve nonlinear finite element control equations. The transient impact responses of an isotropic homogeneity rectangular thermoelastic metallic plate with the nonlinear Soret and Dufour effects are further studied under zonal time-dependent shock loadings of temperature and chemical potential. Dimensionless results reveal that the nonlinear Dufour effect plays a dominant role in the temperature field, directly regulating the heat flux and significantly changing the temperature distribution. The nonlinear Soret effect enhances the structural concentration, stress and deformation responses, improving diffusion wave propagation.</p>