<p>Currently, the traditional non-local Euler–Bernoulli beam vibration equation not only does not consider the effect of foundation shear bending deformation on the beam, but also ignores the role of axial force, which does not reflect the real mechanical behavior of the beam. The main goal of this manuscript is to propose a novel computational model that accurately reveals the true mechanical behavior of beams with global coupling. Firstly, the method has successfully considered the effects of foundation shear deformation and axial force action on the bending deformation of beams; and through the global coupling mechanism, the vibrational physics model of non-local Euler–Bernoulli beams on Pasternak foundations considering axial force action has been developed by taking into account the length interactions between atomic lattices and a degradation validation method of the model. This study proposes a novel computational model to investigate the vibration characteristics of non-local Euler-Bernoulli nanobeams subjected to axial forces and resting on Pasternak foundations. Traditional models often neglect the effects of axial loading and foundation shear deformation, leading to incomplete representations of nanoscale mechanical behavior. To address this, the proposed model integrates global coupling mechanisms based on non-local elasticity theory, incorporating atomic lattice interactions and axial force effects. The governing equations are transformed from the time domain to the frequency domain using the Fourier transform, and the Hasselman complex modal synthesis method is employed to derive transfer functions and vibration modes. Parametric studies reveal the influence of shear, stiffness, damping, and non-local parameters on beam vibration frequency and amplitude under varying boundary conditions and vibration orders. Results demonstrate that non-local effects significantly modulate both frequency and amplitude responses, especially at higher vibration modes, with axial forces further amplifying these effects. The model degenerates consistently to classical and semi-classical forms under limiting cases, validating its theoretical robustness. This research provides a refined theoretical basis for optimizing nanobeam performance in engineering applications and highlights potential implications in biosensing and biomedical systems, where accurate modeling of nanoscale structural behavior is critical.</p>