Effect of bone marrow niche on hematopoietic stem cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a milieu that supports their functions, differentiation, and survival. This niche consists of several types of cells, including mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, endothelial cells, osteoblasts, megakaryocytes, macrophages, adipocytes, lymphoid cells, and nerve fibers. The interactions between these cells and HSCs have a role in HSC fate. Several studies have focused on identification of the biological and cellular mechanisms contributing to the establishment of this niche. However, the exact mechanisms of the interaction between HSCs and the bone marrow niche have not been elucidated yet. Unraveling these mechanisms would help in the design of effective methods for maintenance and multiplication of HSCs in clinical settings, in addition to establishment of novel therapies for hematopoietic diseases. The current review summarizes the effects of the niche cells on HSC function and underlying mechanisms of interplay between HSCs and their niche.