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Purpose <p>Traumatic ocular injuries may lead to short- and long-term psychiatric consequences; however, the risk of developing mental health disorders after such injuries is not well defined. This study aimed to determine the incidence rates of mental health disorders following traumatic ocular or orbital injury compared to matched controls.</p> Methods <p>In this retrospective cohort study, we used electronic health records from a federated database covering 20 years, through December 5, 2025. Patients with ocular or orbital trauma were matched by age, sex, and race to controls who underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations. Patients with preexisting psychiatric diagnoses were excluded.</p> Results <p>A total of 28,957 patients with traumatic ocular or orbital injury and ≥ 1 year of follow-up were included. The mean (SD) age at injury was 42.80 (25.60) years; 71.13% were male, and 65.60% were White. At 30 days, trauma patients had higher risks of depression (relative risk (RR), 2.07; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (RR, 2.01; <i>P</i> = 0.04), and substance use (RR, 5.31; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01. At six months, suicidal ideation risk was increased (RR, 2.41; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), along with persistently elevated risks of depression, PTSD, and substance use compared to controls. Elevated risks across all outcomes persisted through 1 year and at 5 and 10 years, with attenuation seen only for PTSD during long-term follow-up.</p> Conclusion <p>Patients with ocular and orbital trauma face an increased risk of depression, PTSD, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation. These findings support early psychiatric screening and long-term mental health monitoring.</p>

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Risk of mental health disorders following traumatic ocular and orbital injury

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月21日

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  • Osama Elaraby,
  • Melissa Yuan,
  • Ehsan Rahimy,
  • Euna Koo,
  • Chase A. Ludwig,
  • Prithvi Mruthyunjaya,
  • Karen M. Wai

摘要

Purpose

Traumatic ocular injuries may lead to short- and long-term psychiatric consequences; however, the risk of developing mental health disorders after such injuries is not well defined. This study aimed to determine the incidence rates of mental health disorders following traumatic ocular or orbital injury compared to matched controls.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we used electronic health records from a federated database covering 20 years, through December 5, 2025. Patients with ocular or orbital trauma were matched by age, sex, and race to controls who underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations. Patients with preexisting psychiatric diagnoses were excluded.

Results

A total of 28,957 patients with traumatic ocular or orbital injury and ≥ 1 year of follow-up were included. The mean (SD) age at injury was 42.80 (25.60) years; 71.13% were male, and 65.60% were White. At 30 days, trauma patients had higher risks of depression (relative risk (RR), 2.07; P < 0.01), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (RR, 2.01; P = 0.04), and substance use (RR, 5.31; P < 0.01. At six months, suicidal ideation risk was increased (RR, 2.41; P < 0.01), along with persistently elevated risks of depression, PTSD, and substance use compared to controls. Elevated risks across all outcomes persisted through 1 year and at 5 and 10 years, with attenuation seen only for PTSD during long-term follow-up.

Conclusion

Patients with ocular and orbital trauma face an increased risk of depression, PTSD, substance use disorders, and suicidal ideation. These findings support early psychiatric screening and long-term mental health monitoring.