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Purpose <p>To investigate short-term and long-term effect of form deprivation, interacted with dopamine, on the expression of circadian rhythm-related genes in the retina of mice.</p> Methods <p>Circadian rhythm-related genes (<i>Opn4</i>, <i>Bmal1</i>, <i>Clock</i>, <i>Cry1</i>, <i>Per1</i>) were measured by qPCR at Zeitgeber time (ZT) = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20&#xa0;h (<i>n</i> = 10 animals/time point) within one day (<i>n</i> = 60) at baseline and 4 weeks (<i>n</i> = 60) in C57BL/6J mice with monocular form deprivation. Mice were randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal injections of either dopamine agonist (6,7-ADTN hydrobromide, <i>n</i> = 60) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, <i>n</i> = 60). Ocular parameters were measured at baseline and 4 weeks.</p> Results <p>Form deprivation induced significant axial elongation (0.39&#xa0;mm, <i>p</i> = 0.016) and myopic shift (-8.33 D, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) at 4 weeks. Compared with the contralateral eye, the expression of <i>Opn4</i> in the form-deprived eye significantly decreased at ZT = 0, 8, and 16&#xa0;h at baseline and increased at ZT = 8 and 16&#xa0;h at 4 weeks. Other circadian rhythm related-genes also exhibited time-dependent change. Intraperitoneal injections of dopamine agonist abolished time-dependent changes in <i>Opn4</i> expression in form-deprived eye and reduced the changes in <i>Opn4</i> expression over time in the contralateral eye (<i>p</i> = 0.028).</p> Conclusion <p>Form deprivation disturbed endogenous circadian rhythm signaling pathways in the retina both in the early stage and long term. Exogenous dopamine altered the expression of <i>Opn4</i> and circadian rhythm-related genes, indicating a complex role of circadian rhythm in myopia development.</p>

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The interplay between form deprivation and dopamine signaling in regulating the expression of circadian rhythm-related genes in the retina of mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Jia-He Gan,
  • Mei-Jun Wang,
  • Cong-Ying Li,
  • Ying Huang,
  • Zi-Han Liu,
  • Wei-Ling Bai,
  • Wen-Jun Xu,
  • Ming-Hao Sun,
  • Meng-Tian Kang,
  • Ian Morgan,
  • Ningli Wang,
  • Shi-Ming Li

摘要

Purpose

To investigate short-term and long-term effect of form deprivation, interacted with dopamine, on the expression of circadian rhythm-related genes in the retina of mice.

Methods

Circadian rhythm-related genes (Opn4, Bmal1, Clock, Cry1, Per1) were measured by qPCR at Zeitgeber time (ZT) = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 h (n = 10 animals/time point) within one day (n = 60) at baseline and 4 weeks (n = 60) in C57BL/6J mice with monocular form deprivation. Mice were randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal injections of either dopamine agonist (6,7-ADTN hydrobromide, n = 60) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS, n = 60). Ocular parameters were measured at baseline and 4 weeks.

Results

Form deprivation induced significant axial elongation (0.39 mm, p = 0.016) and myopic shift (-8.33 D, p < 0.001) at 4 weeks. Compared with the contralateral eye, the expression of Opn4 in the form-deprived eye significantly decreased at ZT = 0, 8, and 16 h at baseline and increased at ZT = 8 and 16 h at 4 weeks. Other circadian rhythm related-genes also exhibited time-dependent change. Intraperitoneal injections of dopamine agonist abolished time-dependent changes in Opn4 expression in form-deprived eye and reduced the changes in Opn4 expression over time in the contralateral eye (p = 0.028).

Conclusion

Form deprivation disturbed endogenous circadian rhythm signaling pathways in the retina both in the early stage and long term. Exogenous dopamine altered the expression of Opn4 and circadian rhythm-related genes, indicating a complex role of circadian rhythm in myopia development.