Changes in wider field swept-source OCT angiography vascular metrics with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in central retinal vein occlusion

To investigate the impact of anti-VEGF therapy on vascular metrics in eyes with macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) using wider field swept-source OCT angiography (WF SS-OCTA).

We included 23 eyes with macular edema associated with non-ischemic CRVO from 22 patients treated with anti-VEGF therapy (median number of injections: 5 [2–9]). Changes in vessel density (VD), vessel skeletonized density (VSD), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters were measured using WF SS-OCTA. Visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were also measured.

Median CST decreased significantly from 369 µm (305–531) to 267 µm (243–300, p < 0.001). VD and VSD parameters in 12 × 12 mm images showed significant reductions. For instance, VSD in the whole retina decreased from a median of 13.37 (11.22–13.74) to 11.29 (9.36–12.97, p = 0.013). Additionally, a significant increase in FAZ circularity was found, suggesting improved microvascular integrity. Significant inverse correlations were found between the number of anti-VEGF injections and all VSD and VD parameters on the 12 × 12 mm images (p < 0.05). Notably, the reductions in VSD and VD on 12 × 12 mm angiograms in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) after each injection significantly correlated with increased logMAR VA (worse VA).

Anti-VEGF therapy in CRVO patients not only mitigates macular edema but also alters the overall microvascular morphology and functionality as revealed by WF SS-OCTA.