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Background <p>Understanding how meaningful symptoms and impacts of Parkinson’s change with time is necessary to select endpoints for clinical trials and to support clinical practice.</p> Objective <p>This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate the prevalence, bothersomeness, and functional impacts of early Parkinson’s symptoms on daily life over a three-year study duration.</p> Methods <p>32 participants with early Parkinson’s completed qualitative interviews to map symptoms and impacts of disease annually for three years. Symptom maps were content coded for frequency and bothersomeness of symptoms and presence of related impacts. Non-parametric generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to evaluate change over time.</p> Results <p>The most bothersome motor symptoms were tremor, gait difficulties, balance, fine motor, slow movements, and stiffness at all years. Top non-motor symptoms were fatigue, sleep, mood changes, difficulty thinking, and quiet voice. Of these, only gait and balance changed significantly over the study duration. By contrast, many functional impacts changed significantly, with all reporting increased work of living and greater effort to do usual activities by year 3. At the same time, participants reported increased ability to cope and compensate by making positive life changes which mitigated the bothersomeness of symptoms.</p> Conclusions <p>Other than gait and balance, few Parkinson’s symptoms increased significantly in bothersomeness over three years. However, functional and psychosocial impacts of symptoms, often attributed to more than one cause, were more sensitive to change over time.</p>

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Three years later: tracking bothersome symptoms and impacts for people with early Parkinson’s disease

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Jennifer R. Mammen,
  • Varun Reddy,
  • Aaron Lerner,
  • Nami Shah,
  • Jocelyn Silva,
  • Mirinda Tyo,
  • Kristin Magan,
  • Nguyen Thimaikhue,
  • Dang Thao-Uyen,
  • Tatiana Solodova,
  • Tim McWilliams,
  • Mathew Stephen,
  • Peggy Auinger,
  • Melissa Kostrzebski,
  • Yuge Xiao,
  • Diane Stephenson,
  • Jamie L. Adams

摘要

Background

Understanding how meaningful symptoms and impacts of Parkinson’s change with time is necessary to select endpoints for clinical trials and to support clinical practice.

Objective

This study aimed to longitudinally evaluate the prevalence, bothersomeness, and functional impacts of early Parkinson’s symptoms on daily life over a three-year study duration.

Methods

32 participants with early Parkinson’s completed qualitative interviews to map symptoms and impacts of disease annually for three years. Symptom maps were content coded for frequency and bothersomeness of symptoms and presence of related impacts. Non-parametric generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to evaluate change over time.

Results

The most bothersome motor symptoms were tremor, gait difficulties, balance, fine motor, slow movements, and stiffness at all years. Top non-motor symptoms were fatigue, sleep, mood changes, difficulty thinking, and quiet voice. Of these, only gait and balance changed significantly over the study duration. By contrast, many functional impacts changed significantly, with all reporting increased work of living and greater effort to do usual activities by year 3. At the same time, participants reported increased ability to cope and compensate by making positive life changes which mitigated the bothersomeness of symptoms.

Conclusions

Other than gait and balance, few Parkinson’s symptoms increased significantly in bothersomeness over three years. However, functional and psychosocial impacts of symptoms, often attributed to more than one cause, were more sensitive to change over time.