Rituximab in non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy: a single-center experience

This case series reports clinical features and outcome of four patients with non-systemic vasculitic neuropathy (NSVN) treated with the anti-CD20 agent rituximab.

Clinical, electrophysiological and biopsy data were retrospectively obtained and evaluated. Only patients with pathological definite or probable NSVN were included. Extensive clinical and laboratory work-up excluded systemic vasculitis. Follow-up data for at least 12 months and up to five years is provided. Outcome of the patients was assessed using the MRC-Sum Score, Prineas Score and Neurological Symptom Score.

Two of four patients treated with rituximab achieved disease remission and one patient remained stable under anti-CD20 therapy after a required treatment switch due to toxic side effects of cyclophosphamide. One patient deteriorated under rituximab induction. Rituximab was well tolerated in all patients.

Anti-CD20 therapy might be an alternative in NSVN patients requiring further treatment escalation or treatment switch due to side effects of corticosteroids or cyclophosphamide.