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<p>Exposure to natural radioactive sources, particularly those involving Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM), poses a significant concern for policymakers, the public, industry, and researchers worldwide. As human dependence on NORM-related mineral industries grows, achieving a harmonized approach to managing NORM exposure becomes increasingly crucial, especially given the large-scale international trade of minerals and raw materials. A unified international approach (like IAEA guidance or HERCA’s, 2021 recommendations) would not only enhance safety but also support smoother global trade and resource sustainability. This paper addresses the inconsistencies in current global regulations governing radiological risks to the public and the environment. It examines the various approaches adopted by national and international regulatory bodies and identifies the inconsistencies that hinder progress toward global harmonization. These regulatory discrepancies create uncertainty for industries and disrupt the free trade of NORM-related minerals. The paper also discusses how the development of standards and regulations heavily relies on dose modelling assessments, particularly where facility-specific data is lacking for NORM industries outside the nuclear sector. This analysis highlights the current regulatory landscape in the mineral processing industry and its impact on public exposure to NORM.</p>

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Towards harmonized global approaches to NORM regulation: review of practices and policy perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • Gopal P. Verma,
  • Aditi C. Patra,
  • K. A. Dubey,
  • S. K. Jha,
  • D. K. Aswal

摘要

Exposure to natural radioactive sources, particularly those involving Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM), poses a significant concern for policymakers, the public, industry, and researchers worldwide. As human dependence on NORM-related mineral industries grows, achieving a harmonized approach to managing NORM exposure becomes increasingly crucial, especially given the large-scale international trade of minerals and raw materials. A unified international approach (like IAEA guidance or HERCA’s, 2021 recommendations) would not only enhance safety but also support smoother global trade and resource sustainability. This paper addresses the inconsistencies in current global regulations governing radiological risks to the public and the environment. It examines the various approaches adopted by national and international regulatory bodies and identifies the inconsistencies that hinder progress toward global harmonization. These regulatory discrepancies create uncertainty for industries and disrupt the free trade of NORM-related minerals. The paper also discusses how the development of standards and regulations heavily relies on dose modelling assessments, particularly where facility-specific data is lacking for NORM industries outside the nuclear sector. This analysis highlights the current regulatory landscape in the mineral processing industry and its impact on public exposure to NORM.