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Background <p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant complication in very preterm infants (&lt; 32 weeks gestational age). Risk factors may differ between mild and moderate-to-severe BPD, but stratified analyses are limited.</p> Objective <p>To compare risk factors for mild versus moderate-to-severe BPD in very preterm infants (&lt; 32 weeks gestational age).</p> Methods <p>This retrospective study analyzed data from very preterm infants (&lt; 32 weeks gestational age) admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017 and December 2024. BPD was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the 2001 NICHD/NHLBI criteria. Maternal, perinatal, and postnatal variables were compared between no-BPD, mild BPD, and moderate-to-severe BPD groups.</p> Results <p>Among 486 very preterm infants (&lt; 32 weeks gestational age), 213 (43.8%) had no BPD, 147 (30.2%) had mild BPD, and 126 (25.9%) had moderate-to-severe BPD. After multivariate analysis, lower gestational age (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.63–2.26), male sex (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.14–2.48), and prolonged mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14–1.29) were risk factors for both mild and moderate-to-severe BPD. However, histological chorioamnionitis (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.54–3.59), pulmonary hypertension (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.87–5.21), and postnatal sepsis (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.43–3.24) were significantly associated only with moderate-to-severe BPD.</p> Conclusion <p>Risk factors for BPD in very preterm infants (&lt; 32 weeks gestational age) differ by disease severity. Identifying severity-specific risk factors may help develop targeted prevention strategies and improve outcomes.</p>

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Stratified Comparison of Risk Factors for Mild Versus Moderate-to-Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Very Preterm Infants (< 32 Weeks Gestational Age)

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月17日

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  • Jingwen Zhu,
  • Ming Guo,
  • Xiyu He,
  • Yurui Li

摘要

Background

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a significant complication in very preterm infants (< 32 weeks gestational age). Risk factors may differ between mild and moderate-to-severe BPD, but stratified analyses are limited.

Objective

To compare risk factors for mild versus moderate-to-severe BPD in very preterm infants (< 32 weeks gestational age).

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed data from very preterm infants (< 32 weeks gestational age) admitted to a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017 and December 2024. BPD was classified as mild, moderate, or severe according to the 2001 NICHD/NHLBI criteria. Maternal, perinatal, and postnatal variables were compared between no-BPD, mild BPD, and moderate-to-severe BPD groups.

Results

Among 486 very preterm infants (< 32 weeks gestational age), 213 (43.8%) had no BPD, 147 (30.2%) had mild BPD, and 126 (25.9%) had moderate-to-severe BPD. After multivariate analysis, lower gestational age (aOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.63–2.26), male sex (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.14–2.48), and prolonged mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.14–1.29) were risk factors for both mild and moderate-to-severe BPD. However, histological chorioamnionitis (aOR 2.35, 95% CI 1.54–3.59), pulmonary hypertension (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 1.87–5.21), and postnatal sepsis (aOR 2.15, 95% CI 1.43–3.24) were significantly associated only with moderate-to-severe BPD.

Conclusion

Risk factors for BPD in very preterm infants (< 32 weeks gestational age) differ by disease severity. Identifying severity-specific risk factors may help develop targeted prevention strategies and improve outcomes.