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<p>This study aimed to identify factors associated with working memory impairment (WMI) among patients with stable schizophrenia, with particular emphasis on gender differences. A total of 1274 patients were included, and comprehensive demographic, clinical, and metabolic data were collected. WMI was assessed with the CBCT Digit Dimension subscale. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted in the full sample and in gender-stratified subsamples. Overall, 56% of patients had WMI. Longer illness duration and use of first-generation antipsychotics were significant risk factors for WMI in both genders. In the full sample, diabetes, abnormal triglyceride levels, and obesity were also associated with WMI, whereas hypertension and lower HDL cholesterol were associated with lower odds of WMI. Gender-stratified analyses revealed distinct profiles: among male patients, WMI was additionally associated with being divorced and with metabolic abnormalities, whereas among female patients, WMI was primarily linked to clinical and treatment-related factors. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of WMI in schizophrenia and highlight the need for gender-tailored cognitive intervention strategies.</p>

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Gender differences in working memory impairment and metabolic characteristics among patients with stable schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Jingyang Gu,
  • Qinlin Lei,
  • Mengya Liu,
  • Lihua Wang,
  • Zitian Wang,
  • Zishuo Feng,
  • Yujuan Zhang,
  • Jiao Dong,
  • Ziyang Ji

摘要

This study aimed to identify factors associated with working memory impairment (WMI) among patients with stable schizophrenia, with particular emphasis on gender differences. A total of 1274 patients were included, and comprehensive demographic, clinical, and metabolic data were collected. WMI was assessed with the CBCT Digit Dimension subscale. Binary logistic regression analyses were conducted in the full sample and in gender-stratified subsamples. Overall, 56% of patients had WMI. Longer illness duration and use of first-generation antipsychotics were significant risk factors for WMI in both genders. In the full sample, diabetes, abnormal triglyceride levels, and obesity were also associated with WMI, whereas hypertension and lower HDL cholesterol were associated with lower odds of WMI. Gender-stratified analyses revealed distinct profiles: among male patients, WMI was additionally associated with being divorced and with metabolic abnormalities, whereas among female patients, WMI was primarily linked to clinical and treatment-related factors. These findings underscore the multifactorial nature of WMI in schizophrenia and highlight the need for gender-tailored cognitive intervention strategies.