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Background <p>Antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia is associated with metabolic and cardiac adverse effects. However, the short-term trajectory of these parameters during controlled inpatient stabilization, and the moderating roles of age and sex, remain less clear.</p> Methods <p>This study enrolled 586 inpatients with schizophrenia; all stabilized on an unchanged antipsychotic regimen. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles [triglycerides (TG), Cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL)], and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters (heart rate, QRS, PR, QTc) were measured at admission and discharge. Changes were analyzed using paired t-tests and multiple linear regression to assess the influence of age and sex.</p> Results <p>From admission to discharge, significant improvements were observed in FBG (mean change: − 0.56 ± 0.07 mmol/L, pFDR &lt; 0.01) and heart rate (mean change: − 3.81 ± 0.92&#xa0;bpm, pFDR &lt; 0.01). A significant reduction in HDL was also found (mean change: − 0.11 ± 0.02 mmol/L, pFDR &lt; 0.01). Age-stratified analysis revealed a significant QTc shortening exclusively in patients &gt; 45 years old (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Regression analysis identified sex as a significant independent predictor of HDL change (β = 0.068, <i>p</i> = 0.016).</p> Conclusion <p>The inpatient stabilization phase is a dynamic period marked by both beneficial (improved glycemia, lower heart rate) and adverse (reduced HDL) physiological changes. The differential effects based on age (QTc shortening) and sex (HDL change) underscore the necessity for personalized cardiometabolic monitoring and risk mitigation strategies in patients with schizophrenia.</p>

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Short-term longitudinal changes in metabolic and cardiac parameters in inpatients with schizophrenia: the role of age and sex

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月26日

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  • Zhiling Liu,
  • Huagui Guo,
  • Shiqing Huang,
  • Hui Zhu,
  • Cuifang Yu,
  • Fangcheng Fan,
  • Jiaquan Liang,
  • Guojun Xie

摘要

Background

Antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia is associated with metabolic and cardiac adverse effects. However, the short-term trajectory of these parameters during controlled inpatient stabilization, and the moderating roles of age and sex, remain less clear.

Methods

This study enrolled 586 inpatients with schizophrenia; all stabilized on an unchanged antipsychotic regimen. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profiles [triglycerides (TG), Cholesterol (CHOL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL)], and electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters (heart rate, QRS, PR, QTc) were measured at admission and discharge. Changes were analyzed using paired t-tests and multiple linear regression to assess the influence of age and sex.

Results

From admission to discharge, significant improvements were observed in FBG (mean change: − 0.56 ± 0.07 mmol/L, pFDR < 0.01) and heart rate (mean change: − 3.81 ± 0.92 bpm, pFDR < 0.01). A significant reduction in HDL was also found (mean change: − 0.11 ± 0.02 mmol/L, pFDR < 0.01). Age-stratified analysis revealed a significant QTc shortening exclusively in patients > 45 years old (p < 0.05). Regression analysis identified sex as a significant independent predictor of HDL change (β = 0.068, p = 0.016).

Conclusion

The inpatient stabilization phase is a dynamic period marked by both beneficial (improved glycemia, lower heart rate) and adverse (reduced HDL) physiological changes. The differential effects based on age (QTc shortening) and sex (HDL change) underscore the necessity for personalized cardiometabolic monitoring and risk mitigation strategies in patients with schizophrenia.