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Purpose <p>To evaluate anatomical realism, perceived training value, and costs of an in-house fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed temporal bone model compared with cadaveric temporal bone for mastoidectomy training.</p> Methods <p>A prospective observational study was conducted during temporal bone drilling courses at a tertiary academic centre. Participants completed a 9-item Likert questionnaire after performing time-standardised cortical mastoidectomy drilling on a 3D-printed model and on cadaveric temporal bone. A micro-costing analysis compared consumables, equipment, and per-session costs for each modality.</p> Results <p>Twenty-two otolaryngology trainees and attendings participated. Mean scores for all questionnaire domains met or exceeded the predefined acceptability threshold, with high ratings for overall usefulness and perceived safety. The estimated per-session cost for the 3D-printed model was USD 10.74 versus USD 2122.23 for cadaveric training.</p> Conclusion <p>Low-cost 3D-printed temporal bone models achieved acceptable realism and strong perceived training value and may serve as a practical pre-cadaveric adjunct where access to cadaveric specimens is limited or costly.</p>

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3D-printed temporal bone models versus cadaveric bone for mastoidectomy training: a feasibility and cost analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Teoh Qian,
  • Chngh Jia Sheng,
  • Tow Guan Ren,
  • Erakunathan Kaminni,
  • Ian Glenn,
  • Nesha Rajendram,
  • Liang Chye Goh

摘要

Purpose

To evaluate anatomical realism, perceived training value, and costs of an in-house fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D-printed temporal bone model compared with cadaveric temporal bone for mastoidectomy training.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted during temporal bone drilling courses at a tertiary academic centre. Participants completed a 9-item Likert questionnaire after performing time-standardised cortical mastoidectomy drilling on a 3D-printed model and on cadaveric temporal bone. A micro-costing analysis compared consumables, equipment, and per-session costs for each modality.

Results

Twenty-two otolaryngology trainees and attendings participated. Mean scores for all questionnaire domains met or exceeded the predefined acceptability threshold, with high ratings for overall usefulness and perceived safety. The estimated per-session cost for the 3D-printed model was USD 10.74 versus USD 2122.23 for cadaveric training.

Conclusion

Low-cost 3D-printed temporal bone models achieved acceptable realism and strong perceived training value and may serve as a practical pre-cadaveric adjunct where access to cadaveric specimens is limited or costly.