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Objective <p>To identify trajectories of maternal–fetal attachment (MFA) in IVF mothers during the first trimester of pregnancy, and to explore categorical predictors of subgroups demonstrating MFA trajectories.</p> Methods <p>A prospective observational study was conducted on 495 IVF mothers. Self-report questionnaires assessing MFA, anxiety, depression, social support, and marital satisfaction were completed at three time points: 3–4&#xa0;weeks (T1), 7–8&#xa0;weeks (T2), and 12–14&#xa0;weeks (T3) of gestation. Repeated measurement data were analyzed and growth trajectories identified.</p> Results <p>Three MFA trajectories were delineated in IVF mothers during the first trimester: low-attachment/slow-elevation group (30.9%), moderate-attachment/steady-elevation group (56.2%), and high-attachment/rapid-elevation group (12.9%). Secondary infertility (<i>OR</i> = 0.575, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.368–0.901, <i>p</i> = 0.013) and higher marital satisfaction (<i>OR</i> = 0.941, 95% <i>CI</i>: 0.915–0.968, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) were predictors for not being in the low-attachment/slow-elevation group.</p> Conclusion <p>Among IVF mothers with ongoing pregnancies, a subset exhibited suboptimal development of MFA during the first trimester. Marital satisfaction and infertility type may help identify those at potential risk.</p>

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Maternal–fetal attachment trajectories in IVF mothers during the first trimester: a prospective observational study

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Xuzhen Cheng,
  • Fangfang Chen,
  • Huiling Huang,
  • Fang Zhang,
  • Xinfen Xu

摘要

Objective

To identify trajectories of maternal–fetal attachment (MFA) in IVF mothers during the first trimester of pregnancy, and to explore categorical predictors of subgroups demonstrating MFA trajectories.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted on 495 IVF mothers. Self-report questionnaires assessing MFA, anxiety, depression, social support, and marital satisfaction were completed at three time points: 3–4 weeks (T1), 7–8 weeks (T2), and 12–14 weeks (T3) of gestation. Repeated measurement data were analyzed and growth trajectories identified.

Results

Three MFA trajectories were delineated in IVF mothers during the first trimester: low-attachment/slow-elevation group (30.9%), moderate-attachment/steady-elevation group (56.2%), and high-attachment/rapid-elevation group (12.9%). Secondary infertility (OR = 0.575, 95% CI: 0.368–0.901, p = 0.013) and higher marital satisfaction (OR = 0.941, 95% CI: 0.915–0.968, p < 0.001) were predictors for not being in the low-attachment/slow-elevation group.

Conclusion

Among IVF mothers with ongoing pregnancies, a subset exhibited suboptimal development of MFA during the first trimester. Marital satisfaction and infertility type may help identify those at potential risk.