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<p>Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder causing unpredictable hair loss, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. Understanding the global burden of AA is essential for informing public health strategies and interventions. This study aims to investigate the global prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with alopecia areata (AA) from 1990 to 2021, and analyze the drivers of the disease burden and the factors to its differences. This study analyzed global prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of AA from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study conducted a comprehensive examination of these metrics across different sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, focusing on disparities in burden by gender and socioeconomic status. This study also analyzed cross-country inequality, identified factors driving changes in the burden of disease through decomposition analysis, and predicted future trends in the burden of disease through the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) disease prediction model. In 2021, 17.53&#xa0;million prevalent cases and 30.89&#xa0;million incidence cases of AA were reported globally, with AA accounting for 572,000 DALYs. The global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) was 215.01 per 100,000 population, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 379.54 per 100,000 population, and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) was 7.02 per 100,000 population. These rates decreased by 3.60%, 3.60%, and 3.70% since 1990. The highest burden was observed in individuals aged 30–34, with females showing higher ASPRs across all age groups. At the regional and national levels, ASDR of AA were found to rise alongside higher SDI. While relative inequality has slightly decreased, absolute inequality has increased, particularly in lower SDI regions. Predictions indicate a rise in AA burden by 2040, primarily driven by population growth and demographic shifts. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions prioritizing health equity, early detection, and affordable treatments, particularly in high-burden regions. Addressing the diverse challenges faced by patients with AA is crucial for improving health outcomes and enhancing quality of life. This study highlights the importance of continued research and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of AA globally.</p>

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Global, regional and national burden of alopecia areata from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021, with predictions to 2040

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Ming Zhang,
  • Yufeng Guo

摘要

Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder causing unpredictable hair loss, significantly affecting patients’ quality of life. Understanding the global burden of AA is essential for informing public health strategies and interventions. This study aims to investigate the global prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with alopecia areata (AA) from 1990 to 2021, and analyze the drivers of the disease burden and the factors to its differences. This study analyzed global prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of AA from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study conducted a comprehensive examination of these metrics across different sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, focusing on disparities in burden by gender and socioeconomic status. This study also analyzed cross-country inequality, identified factors driving changes in the burden of disease through decomposition analysis, and predicted future trends in the burden of disease through the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) disease prediction model. In 2021, 17.53 million prevalent cases and 30.89 million incidence cases of AA were reported globally, with AA accounting for 572,000 DALYs. The global age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) was 215.01 per 100,000 population, age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 379.54 per 100,000 population, and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) was 7.02 per 100,000 population. These rates decreased by 3.60%, 3.60%, and 3.70% since 1990. The highest burden was observed in individuals aged 30–34, with females showing higher ASPRs across all age groups. At the regional and national levels, ASDR of AA were found to rise alongside higher SDI. While relative inequality has slightly decreased, absolute inequality has increased, particularly in lower SDI regions. Predictions indicate a rise in AA burden by 2040, primarily driven by population growth and demographic shifts. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions prioritizing health equity, early detection, and affordable treatments, particularly in high-burden regions. Addressing the diverse challenges faced by patients with AA is crucial for improving health outcomes and enhancing quality of life. This study highlights the importance of continued research and resource allocation to mitigate the impact of AA globally.