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<p>COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)-induced autoimmune dysregulation may trigger the onset of alopecia areata (AA). However, the pathogenesis and potential pathological processes remain unknown. This study aims to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of COVID-19-associated AA (COVID-19&amp;AA), and provide a new direction for genetic target drug therapy. Gene expression profiles from AA-related datasets (<i>GSE45512</i>, <i>GSE58573</i> and <i>GSE80342</i>) and COVID-19-related dataset (<i>GSE164805</i>) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Following the identification of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COVID-19 and AA, we conducted a multi-dimensional analysis encompassing functional enrichment annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub gene extraction with co-expression modularity analysis, and drug-gene interaction analysis. A cohort of 22 common DEGs, comprising 5 downregulated and 17 upregulated transcripts, were identified for systematic investigation. Subsequent functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of chemokine/cytokine signaling pathways, mediating shared pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 and AA progression. Notably, drug-gene interaction analysis screening identified therapeutic agents (<i>NI-080</i>1, <i>CCX140</i>, <i>Bertilimumab</i>, <i>Alemtuzumab</i>) exhibiting targeted regulatory effects on these immunomodulatory axes, positioning them as promising therapeutic candidates for dual-pathology intervention. Our integrative analysis elucidates convergent pathobiological potential mechanisms driving COVID-19 and AA. The identified core regulatory modules and repurposable drug candidates offer potential targets for future research for treatment-resistant patient subpopulations.</p>

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Exploring the pathogenesis and potential biological processes in COVID-19-related alopecia areata by bioinformatics analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月20日

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  • Yakun Gao,
  • Ruiyu Luo,
  • Changjiang Zhao,
  • Xuemei Wu,
  • Tingting Xi,
  • Lingling Jia,
  • Jiachao Xiong

摘要

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)-induced autoimmune dysregulation may trigger the onset of alopecia areata (AA). However, the pathogenesis and potential pathological processes remain unknown. This study aims to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms of COVID-19-associated AA (COVID-19&AA), and provide a new direction for genetic target drug therapy. Gene expression profiles from AA-related datasets (GSE45512, GSE58573 and GSE80342) and COVID-19-related dataset (GSE164805) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Following the identification of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COVID-19 and AA, we conducted a multi-dimensional analysis encompassing functional enrichment annotation, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub gene extraction with co-expression modularity analysis, and drug-gene interaction analysis. A cohort of 22 common DEGs, comprising 5 downregulated and 17 upregulated transcripts, were identified for systematic investigation. Subsequent functional enrichment analysis revealed significant enrichment of chemokine/cytokine signaling pathways, mediating shared pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19 and AA progression. Notably, drug-gene interaction analysis screening identified therapeutic agents (NI-0801, CCX140, Bertilimumab, Alemtuzumab) exhibiting targeted regulatory effects on these immunomodulatory axes, positioning them as promising therapeutic candidates for dual-pathology intervention. Our integrative analysis elucidates convergent pathobiological potential mechanisms driving COVID-19 and AA. The identified core regulatory modules and repurposable drug candidates offer potential targets for future research for treatment-resistant patient subpopulations.