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<p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are the leading cause of premature death worldwide, accounting for over 38&#xa0;million deaths annually, or approximately 70% of global mortality. The majority of these deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases. The risk of NCD is closely linked to exposure to environmental stressors such as air pollution, noise pollution, artificial light at night and climatic changes, including extreme heat, sandstorms, and forest fires. In addition to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and genetic predisposition, there is increasing evidence that physicochemical environmental factors substantially contribute to the high numbers of NCD. Urbanization contributes to the amplification and accumulation of these stressors. This review summarizes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of environmental stressors with a&#xa0;particular focus on cardiovascular NCD. In addition, strategies and measures to reduce the impact of environmental risks, especially in the context of cardiovascular diseases, are discussed.</p>

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„Umwelteinflüsse auf die kardiovaskuläre Gesundheit“

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月28日

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  • Thomas Münzel,
  • Paul Stamm,
  • Jos Lelieveld,
  • Andreas Daiber

摘要

Noncommunicable diseases (NCD) are the leading cause of premature death worldwide, accounting for over 38 million deaths annually, or approximately 70% of global mortality. The majority of these deaths are caused by cardiovascular diseases. The risk of NCD is closely linked to exposure to environmental stressors such as air pollution, noise pollution, artificial light at night and climatic changes, including extreme heat, sandstorms, and forest fires. In addition to traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and genetic predisposition, there is increasing evidence that physicochemical environmental factors substantially contribute to the high numbers of NCD. Urbanization contributes to the amplification and accumulation of these stressors. This review summarizes the epidemiology and pathophysiology of environmental stressors with a particular focus on cardiovascular NCD. In addition, strategies and measures to reduce the impact of environmental risks, especially in the context of cardiovascular diseases, are discussed.