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<p>The poor low-temperature flowability of waxy crude oil poses significant challenges for pipeline transportation. To address the issue, this study systematically investigates the potential of graphene materials as novel flow improvers, utilizing steady and dynamic rheology in conjunction with microstructural characterization techniques. Rheological analyses demonstrate that graphene at an optimal concentration of 400 ppm reduces the viscosity of the oil by 23.43% and lowers the pour point by 5.1 ± 0.5&#xa0;°C in oil with 7.4 wt% wax. The graphene weakens the gel structure’s strength, decreasing the thixotropic loop area by 22.63% and the critical shear stress from 63&#xa0;Pa to 16&#xa0;Pa. The addition of graphene substantially reduced the median wax crystal length from 39.15&#xa0;μm to 18.77&#xa0;μm and enhanced structural disorder. These findings establish a relationship between graphene modification, wax crystal evolution, and improved flowability, thereby providing fundamental insights into the application of graphene for enhancing the flow assurance of waxy crude oil in pipeline transportation.</p>

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Synergistic improvement in flowability and rheological properties of waxy oil by graphene

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Jiaqiang Jing,
  • Qiuyue Wang,
  • Junyu Pu,
  • Rinat Karimov,
  • Xinyu Luo,
  • Jie Sun

摘要

The poor low-temperature flowability of waxy crude oil poses significant challenges for pipeline transportation. To address the issue, this study systematically investigates the potential of graphene materials as novel flow improvers, utilizing steady and dynamic rheology in conjunction with microstructural characterization techniques. Rheological analyses demonstrate that graphene at an optimal concentration of 400 ppm reduces the viscosity of the oil by 23.43% and lowers the pour point by 5.1 ± 0.5 °C in oil with 7.4 wt% wax. The graphene weakens the gel structure’s strength, decreasing the thixotropic loop area by 22.63% and the critical shear stress from 63 Pa to 16 Pa. The addition of graphene substantially reduced the median wax crystal length from 39.15 μm to 18.77 μm and enhanced structural disorder. These findings establish a relationship between graphene modification, wax crystal evolution, and improved flowability, thereby providing fundamental insights into the application of graphene for enhancing the flow assurance of waxy crude oil in pipeline transportation.