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<p>In this study, a series of acrylate-modified epoxy ester dispersions were designed and prepared via a two-step polymerization strategy. The influence of carboxyl group distribution on dispersion stability, particle characteristics, and coating properties was systematically investigated. Results show that delaying the addition of hydrophilic monomers progressively increases particle size from 47.4&#xa0;nm (EA-0) to 100.6&#xa0;nm (EA-4), reduces viscosity from 15,800 mPa·s to 164 mPa·s, and improves thermal storage stability initially followed by a gradual decline. The optimal balance between colloidal stability and coating performance is achieved in sample EA-2, which exhibits the smallest changes in pH, particle size, and viscosity after thermal aging. With increased surface carboxyl enrichment, the coatings show prolonged hard-drying time from 7&#xa0;h to 12&#xa0;h, decreased König hardness from 90&#xa0;s to 58&#xa0;s, reduced water contact angle from 83.1° to 62.0°, and gradually deteriorated water resistance. The underlying mechanism reveals that appropriate carboxyl distribution enhances electrostatic stabilization by extending the Debye length and thickening the electric double layer, while excessive surface carboxyl groups promote water adsorption and accelerate hydrolytic degradation. This study provides mechanistic insights and practical guidance for designing low-VOC, high-stability waterborne epoxy ester coatings with tunable colloidal and film properties.</p>

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Effect of carboxyl distribution on the properties of acrylate-modified epoxy ester dispersions and their coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月16日

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  • Gonghao Wang,
  • Yuchen Zhang,
  • Rong Deng,
  • Die Yang,
  • Shuyi Yang,
  • Yongbo Ding,
  • Liang Shen

摘要

In this study, a series of acrylate-modified epoxy ester dispersions were designed and prepared via a two-step polymerization strategy. The influence of carboxyl group distribution on dispersion stability, particle characteristics, and coating properties was systematically investigated. Results show that delaying the addition of hydrophilic monomers progressively increases particle size from 47.4 nm (EA-0) to 100.6 nm (EA-4), reduces viscosity from 15,800 mPa·s to 164 mPa·s, and improves thermal storage stability initially followed by a gradual decline. The optimal balance between colloidal stability and coating performance is achieved in sample EA-2, which exhibits the smallest changes in pH, particle size, and viscosity after thermal aging. With increased surface carboxyl enrichment, the coatings show prolonged hard-drying time from 7 h to 12 h, decreased König hardness from 90 s to 58 s, reduced water contact angle from 83.1° to 62.0°, and gradually deteriorated water resistance. The underlying mechanism reveals that appropriate carboxyl distribution enhances electrostatic stabilization by extending the Debye length and thickening the electric double layer, while excessive surface carboxyl groups promote water adsorption and accelerate hydrolytic degradation. This study provides mechanistic insights and practical guidance for designing low-VOC, high-stability waterborne epoxy ester coatings with tunable colloidal and film properties.