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<p>Cinnamaldehyde oil (CO) is a potent natural antimicrobial agent; however, its volatility and poor aqueous stability limit direct biomedical application. Encapsulation within biopolymer-based gels offers a promising strategy for controlled delivery in wound care. Herein, bioactive chitosan/bacterial cellulose/polyacrylate (CS/BC/PA) gel films were fabricated via ionic crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate. The films were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA, and evaluated for swelling, mechanical properties,<i> in vitro</i> degradation, CO loading/release, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility. Based on the obtained results the gels exhibited high swelling (&gt; 400%) and tunable degradation, with weight loss decreasing from 26.37 ± 1.78% to 6.25 ± 0.95% over 15 days. Mechanical strength improved from 1.24 ± 0.16 to 8.42 ± 0.91&#xa0;kPa with increased crosslinking. CO loading efficiency reached 84.53 ± 2.43%, with sustained release up to 64.85 ± 3.24% at 420&#xa0;min, following Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics (R² = 0.922, <i>n</i> = 0.57). Antibacterial activity showed inhibition zones of 15.65 ± 1.32&#xa0;mm and 17.90 ± 1.54&#xa0;mm against <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, respectively, while cell viability remained &gt; 75%. In conclusion, the developed BGFs demonstrate controlled release, antibacterial efficacy, and cytocompatibility, indicating potential as multifunctional wound dressing materials, warranting further biological validation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Chitosan/bacterial cellulose/polyacrylate hydrogel films loaded cinnamaldehyde oil as potential bioactive wound care materials: synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh

摘要

Cinnamaldehyde oil (CO) is a potent natural antimicrobial agent; however, its volatility and poor aqueous stability limit direct biomedical application. Encapsulation within biopolymer-based gels offers a promising strategy for controlled delivery in wound care. Herein, bioactive chitosan/bacterial cellulose/polyacrylate (CS/BC/PA) gel films were fabricated via ionic crosslinking with sodium tripolyphosphate. The films were characterized using FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA, and evaluated for swelling, mechanical properties, in vitro degradation, CO loading/release, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility. Based on the obtained results the gels exhibited high swelling (> 400%) and tunable degradation, with weight loss decreasing from 26.37 ± 1.78% to 6.25 ± 0.95% over 15 days. Mechanical strength improved from 1.24 ± 0.16 to 8.42 ± 0.91 kPa with increased crosslinking. CO loading efficiency reached 84.53 ± 2.43%, with sustained release up to 64.85 ± 3.24% at 420 min, following Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics (R² = 0.922, n = 0.57). Antibacterial activity showed inhibition zones of 15.65 ± 1.32 mm and 17.90 ± 1.54 mm against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae, respectively, while cell viability remained > 75%. In conclusion, the developed BGFs demonstrate controlled release, antibacterial efficacy, and cytocompatibility, indicating potential as multifunctional wound dressing materials, warranting further biological validation.

Graphical abstract