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<p>Lipophilic compounds encapsulated in Pickering emulsions can be inhibited the access of oxygen, prooxidants, and free radicals and therefore be applied to the controlled bioactive delivery. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) stabilized Pickering emulsions (PE) for encapsulation and delivery of β-carotene (β-C) were prepared through high intensity ultrasound (HIU), high-pressure homogenization (HPH) or the HIU + HPH dual emulsifying process. Emulsion properties, encapsulation efficiency (EE), retention rate (RR), bioaccessibility of β-C and free fatty acids rate (FFA%) impacted by single or dual emulsifying process, the oil fraction Φ and the concentration of CNFs suspension (CNFs%) was investigated. Compared to the single HPH or HIU which usually cannot enhance emulsification effect through increasing accounts or times, the HIU + HPH dual emulsification method is beneficial to gain the more homogeneous fine emulsion droplets and durable stable emulsion status. All of β-C-encapsulated PE samples (Φ ≤ 0.5) prepared by 2.0%w/w CNFs suspension had long-term stability for at least 150 days storage. Although EE of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples was lower than that in the HPH or HIU samples, EE of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples at high Φ (= 0.4) condition was closed to the maximum of that in the HIU samples, and RR of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples during storage are much better than that in the HPH or HIU samples. Furthermore, RR of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples at Φ = 0.4 was changed insignificantly after storage intervals, and bioaccessibility of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples at Φ = 0.2 and CNFs%=1.2 can reach the highest value 26.76 ± 0.13% after simulating intestinal digestion. There is a positive relation between the final FFA% and bioaccessibility of β-C. These findings indicate that PE prepared by HIU + HPH at appropriate Φ and CNFs% is an excellent carrier and controlled deliverer for lipophilic bioactive substances.</p>

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Effect of the dual emulsifying process on emulsion properties, in vitro digestion and bioaccessibility in β-carotene-encapsulated Pickering emulsion stabilized by cellulose nanofibrils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Adila Abdirym,
  • Pu Yan,
  • Xue Wu,
  • Bin Liu

摘要

Lipophilic compounds encapsulated in Pickering emulsions can be inhibited the access of oxygen, prooxidants, and free radicals and therefore be applied to the controlled bioactive delivery. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) stabilized Pickering emulsions (PE) for encapsulation and delivery of β-carotene (β-C) were prepared through high intensity ultrasound (HIU), high-pressure homogenization (HPH) or the HIU + HPH dual emulsifying process. Emulsion properties, encapsulation efficiency (EE), retention rate (RR), bioaccessibility of β-C and free fatty acids rate (FFA%) impacted by single or dual emulsifying process, the oil fraction Φ and the concentration of CNFs suspension (CNFs%) was investigated. Compared to the single HPH or HIU which usually cannot enhance emulsification effect through increasing accounts or times, the HIU + HPH dual emulsification method is beneficial to gain the more homogeneous fine emulsion droplets and durable stable emulsion status. All of β-C-encapsulated PE samples (Φ ≤ 0.5) prepared by 2.0%w/w CNFs suspension had long-term stability for at least 150 days storage. Although EE of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples was lower than that in the HPH or HIU samples, EE of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples at high Φ (= 0.4) condition was closed to the maximum of that in the HIU samples, and RR of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples during storage are much better than that in the HPH or HIU samples. Furthermore, RR of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples at Φ = 0.4 was changed insignificantly after storage intervals, and bioaccessibility of β-C in the HIU + HPH samples at Φ = 0.2 and CNFs%=1.2 can reach the highest value 26.76 ± 0.13% after simulating intestinal digestion. There is a positive relation between the final FFA% and bioaccessibility of β-C. These findings indicate that PE prepared by HIU + HPH at appropriate Φ and CNFs% is an excellent carrier and controlled deliverer for lipophilic bioactive substances.