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<p>To overcome the poor temperature–salt resistance, incomplete gel breaking, and high cost of conventional polymer fracturing fluids, this study synthesized a novel hydrophobically associating polymer (AHAP) using acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and an anionic asymmetric double-tail hydrophobic monomer (DNS-86) via aqueous free-radical polymerization. The polymer structure was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR. AHAP exhibited a molecular weight of 1.13 × 10⁷ g/mol and dissolved completely within 870&#xa0;s, meeting field requirements. It showed dual critical association concentrations (0.085% and 0.233%), with significant viscosity enhancement above the second CAC due to hydrophobic association and chain entanglement. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed intramolecular and intermolecular associations that improve viscoelasticity. Compared to HPAM, AHAP demonstrated superior temperature resistance (viscosity 69.3 mPa·s at 90&#xa0;°C) and salt tolerance (58.5 mPa·s in 7000&#xa0;mg/L NaCl; 44.4 mPa·s in 2000&#xa0;mg/L CaCl₂). Rheological tests showed that AHAP fracturing fluids maintained viscosity ≥ 50 mPa·s after 1&#xa0;h shearing at 170&#xa0;s⁻¹ and 60–100&#xa0;°C. The 0.5% AHAP fluid achieved a quartz sand settling rate of 0.267&#xa0;cm/min at 20% sand ratio, indicating excellent proppant-carrying capacity. Complete gel breaking (&lt; 5 mPa·s) occurred within 50&#xa0;min using 0.03% ammonium persulfate at 80&#xa0;°C. Although the post-break surface tension (35.32 mN/m) and interfacial tension (8.86 mN/m) slightly exceed industry standards, they can be further optimized with small amounts of cleanup additives. Overall, AHAP is a promising thickener for high-temperature, high-salinity reservoir fracturing operations.</p>

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Synthesis and performance evaluation of hydrophobic association polymer by asymmetric double-tail chain hydrophobic associating monomer for fracturing fluids

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Wenfeng Jia,
  • Yuqi Chen,
  • Junwen Wu

摘要

To overcome the poor temperature–salt resistance, incomplete gel breaking, and high cost of conventional polymer fracturing fluids, this study synthesized a novel hydrophobically associating polymer (AHAP) using acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and an anionic asymmetric double-tail hydrophobic monomer (DNS-86) via aqueous free-radical polymerization. The polymer structure was confirmed by FTIR and ¹H NMR. AHAP exhibited a molecular weight of 1.13 × 10⁷ g/mol and dissolved completely within 870 s, meeting field requirements. It showed dual critical association concentrations (0.085% and 0.233%), with significant viscosity enhancement above the second CAC due to hydrophobic association and chain entanglement. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed intramolecular and intermolecular associations that improve viscoelasticity. Compared to HPAM, AHAP demonstrated superior temperature resistance (viscosity 69.3 mPa·s at 90 °C) and salt tolerance (58.5 mPa·s in 7000 mg/L NaCl; 44.4 mPa·s in 2000 mg/L CaCl₂). Rheological tests showed that AHAP fracturing fluids maintained viscosity ≥ 50 mPa·s after 1 h shearing at 170 s⁻¹ and 60–100 °C. The 0.5% AHAP fluid achieved a quartz sand settling rate of 0.267 cm/min at 20% sand ratio, indicating excellent proppant-carrying capacity. Complete gel breaking (< 5 mPa·s) occurred within 50 min using 0.03% ammonium persulfate at 80 °C. Although the post-break surface tension (35.32 mN/m) and interfacial tension (8.86 mN/m) slightly exceed industry standards, they can be further optimized with small amounts of cleanup additives. Overall, AHAP is a promising thickener for high-temperature, high-salinity reservoir fracturing operations.