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<p>‘Catanionic’ surfactant mixtures give rise to wide variety of nano-structures like mixed micelles, vesicles, lamellar phases etc., of interest for drug delivery applications. Sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are two popular oppositely charged amphiphiles widely used individually as permeation enhancers in drug formulations. However, this pair of surfactants has been scarcely explored as a catanionic mixture. In this work, phase evolution study is carried out at 100 mM total concentration using DLS, cryo-TEM and turbidity data. The thermodynamic stability of the NaDC-CPC ‘catanionic’ system has been explored in the dilute region (100 mM) with help of isothermal titration calorimetry. A stable bluish isotropic solution, consisting of multi micellar aggregates formed through inter-micelle H-bonding amongst NaDC molecules in the micelles, is observed at the equimolar composition. Similar aggregates have not been observed so far, in other catanionic systems with either NaDC or CPC as component. Mixed micelles and micelle aggregates deviate from regular solution behavior due to non-ideal entropy of mixing caused by difference in hydrophobic backbone structure of NaDC and CPC and exhibit composition dependent enthalpic stability. This system exhibits moderately good compatibility with non-cancerous cells and higher cytotoxicity towards specific cancer cells of human origin. Our studies show that the structures of this catanionic combination can be fine-tuned for future use in diverse areas related to drug delivery.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Exploring thermodynamic stability and microenvironment of dilute bile salt based ‘catanionic’ assemblies of relevance to drug delivery

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • M. Basu,
  • Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury,
  • Sugam Kumar,
  • Bijaideep Dutta,
  • Sandeep B. Shelar

摘要

‘Catanionic’ surfactant mixtures give rise to wide variety of nano-structures like mixed micelles, vesicles, lamellar phases etc., of interest for drug delivery applications. Sodium deoxycholate (NaDC) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are two popular oppositely charged amphiphiles widely used individually as permeation enhancers in drug formulations. However, this pair of surfactants has been scarcely explored as a catanionic mixture. In this work, phase evolution study is carried out at 100 mM total concentration using DLS, cryo-TEM and turbidity data. The thermodynamic stability of the NaDC-CPC ‘catanionic’ system has been explored in the dilute region (100 mM) with help of isothermal titration calorimetry. A stable bluish isotropic solution, consisting of multi micellar aggregates formed through inter-micelle H-bonding amongst NaDC molecules in the micelles, is observed at the equimolar composition. Similar aggregates have not been observed so far, in other catanionic systems with either NaDC or CPC as component. Mixed micelles and micelle aggregates deviate from regular solution behavior due to non-ideal entropy of mixing caused by difference in hydrophobic backbone structure of NaDC and CPC and exhibit composition dependent enthalpic stability. This system exhibits moderately good compatibility with non-cancerous cells and higher cytotoxicity towards specific cancer cells of human origin. Our studies show that the structures of this catanionic combination can be fine-tuned for future use in diverse areas related to drug delivery.

Graphical abstract