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<p>To improve the low bioavailability and stability of emodin and IR-813 and achieve drug visualization, we encapsulated the complex of emodin and IR-813 with glycyrrhizic acid to prepare Emo-Gly-IR-813 nanoparticles; the nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet and fluorescence tests, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and particle size measurements, in vitro drug release studies, CCK-8 cytotoxicity assays and cellular imaging. The results showed that the nanoparticles had excellent optical properties, good photostability and colloidal stability (mean hydrodynamic diameter 179.4 ± 55.23&#xa0;nm, zeta potential − 22.07 ± 0.998 mV), presented a clump-encapsulated structure, exhibited pH-responsive drug release under weakly acidic conditions, inhibited various tumor cells (especially prostate cancer cells) and could effectively penetrate PC-3 cells; thus, encapsulating emodin and IR-813 with glycyrrhizic acid achieved the expected goals and provided a favorable basis for optimizing tumor treatment.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Glycyrrhizic acid-encapsulated emodin and IR-813 nanocomposite with clump-encapsulated and approximately spherical morphology: pH-responsive release, in vitro anti-tumor activity and cell targeting study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月20日

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  • Yicheng Fang,
  • Jianpeng Hu,
  • Shuaishuai Cai,
  • Pei Su,
  • Guofan F. Jin,
  • Bo Xue

摘要

To improve the low bioavailability and stability of emodin and IR-813 and achieve drug visualization, we encapsulated the complex of emodin and IR-813 with glycyrrhizic acid to prepare Emo-Gly-IR-813 nanoparticles; the nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet and fluorescence tests, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and particle size measurements, in vitro drug release studies, CCK-8 cytotoxicity assays and cellular imaging. The results showed that the nanoparticles had excellent optical properties, good photostability and colloidal stability (mean hydrodynamic diameter 179.4 ± 55.23 nm, zeta potential − 22.07 ± 0.998 mV), presented a clump-encapsulated structure, exhibited pH-responsive drug release under weakly acidic conditions, inhibited various tumor cells (especially prostate cancer cells) and could effectively penetrate PC-3 cells; thus, encapsulating emodin and IR-813 with glycyrrhizic acid achieved the expected goals and provided a favorable basis for optimizing tumor treatment.

Graphical Abstract