<p>This study investigates the effect of hybrid reinforcement of Amla (<i>Phyllanthus emblica</i>) fiber with Jujube and Tamarind seed particulates on the mechanical and water absorption behavior of epoxy composites. The objective is to build up a green composite system with enhanced strength and moisture resistance compared to neat epoxy using agro-based reinforcements. Chemically treated Amla fibers along with seed particulates were incorporated into epoxy resin at different weight fractions and fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. Mechanical properties and morphological characteristics were evaluated following ASTM standards. The neat epoxy exhibited a 45&#xa0;MPa strength in tensile and 75&#xa0;MPa strength in flexural, while optimized hybrid composite (Epoxy/30 wt% Amla/2 wt% Tamarind seed) achieved significantly higher tensile (76&#xa0;MPa) and flexural (113&#xa0;MPa) strengths, representing improvements of approximately 69% and 45%, respectively. Hardness in shore D augmented to 86 for hybrid composite, while void along with water uptake were reduced relative to other reinforced formulations. The findings demonstrate that hybrid Amla fiber–Tamarind seed reinforcement enables substantial mechanical enhancement over neat epoxy while maintaining lightweight and eco-friendly characteristics, making the composites suitable for lightweight structural, automotive interior, and industrial applications requiring moderate strength and moisture resistance.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Hybrid Reinforcement of Amla fiber with Jujube and Tamarind seed particulates for enhanced mechanical and moisture resistance of epoxy Composites

  • M. Sindhu,
  • A. Ludvin Felcy

摘要

This study investigates the effect of hybrid reinforcement of Amla (Phyllanthus emblica) fiber with Jujube and Tamarind seed particulates on the mechanical and water absorption behavior of epoxy composites. The objective is to build up a green composite system with enhanced strength and moisture resistance compared to neat epoxy using agro-based reinforcements. Chemically treated Amla fibers along with seed particulates were incorporated into epoxy resin at different weight fractions and fabricated using the hand lay-up technique. Mechanical properties and morphological characteristics were evaluated following ASTM standards. The neat epoxy exhibited a 45 MPa strength in tensile and 75 MPa strength in flexural, while optimized hybrid composite (Epoxy/30 wt% Amla/2 wt% Tamarind seed) achieved significantly higher tensile (76 MPa) and flexural (113 MPa) strengths, representing improvements of approximately 69% and 45%, respectively. Hardness in shore D augmented to 86 for hybrid composite, while void along with water uptake were reduced relative to other reinforced formulations. The findings demonstrate that hybrid Amla fiber–Tamarind seed reinforcement enables substantial mechanical enhancement over neat epoxy while maintaining lightweight and eco-friendly characteristics, making the composites suitable for lightweight structural, automotive interior, and industrial applications requiring moderate strength and moisture resistance.

Graphical abstract